T Of V Flashcards
Big three names
Clemenceau, Wilson, Lloyd George
How did their Clemenceau feel?
Clemenceau wanted to cripple them, use money for their repairs, wanted to damage them to prevent Germany attacking again and was also scared of their power and population of 75 million.
Wilson opinion
Punish Germany but not harshly as they could succumb to Russian comms, peace in Europe, strengthen democracy in defeated countries so they could vote against war, independence in Poland Belgium Czech Slovakia
Lloyd George opinion
Imbetween Wilson and Clemenceau, wanted to trade with Germany to boost Brit economy,didn’t want G to be comm, wanted Germany to lose its navy and colonies since they threatened British empire, wanted lasting peace
Describe Paris peace conference
1919-20, took place in palace of Versailles, 32 nations supposed to b represented but no one from defeated countries invited, 5 treaties drawn up main one being t of v, big decisions taken on by big 3 who were supported by big army of diplomats and expert advisors.
Disagreements between big 3
C resented w’s generous attitude since USA suffered far less, these 2 disagreed over Rhineland and coalfields in the Saar but w gave way. LG and C disagreed over how harsh to be since France more threatened, LG particularly displeased w/ W wanting to allow all nations access to the seas, W’s views on countries self-ruling threatened Brit empire
Five main terms of t of v
War guilt, repetitions, Herman territories and colonies, Germany’s armed forces and the League of Nations
Describe war guilt and the terms of German territories and colonies
1- Germany had to accept blame for starting the war
2- Germany forbidden from joining with former ally Austria (Anschluss), G’s oversea empire taken away causing bad relations bEteeen B & G, league took over over former colonies which essentially meant they were controlled by B & F
How much was the final figure for repetitions and what year was it decided ?
£6,600 million, agreed in 1921
Restrictions on German army
Limited to 100,000 men, conscription banned, armoured vehicles subs and aircrafts forbidden, navy restricted to six battleships, Rhineland became demilitarised zone ( border between f & g)
What did Germany have to do to get into L o N
Had to prove it was a peace loving country
How did WW1 damage F?
16% of army lost, Almost bankrupt, trade bad, infrastructure destroyed, agricultural state damaged
How was USA affected by WW1
Land not affected but financially it was, trade suffered but came out of war richest country, loans to Brit made them powerful, can put shipping and trade where Britain cant,
How did WW1 affect Britain
1 million men lost from Brit empire, lost lots of resources, money had been spent on ammunition, trade halted, not in as bad a position as France, v scared of G becoming comm
Treaty of st Germain
Delay With Austria:
Army limited to 30,000, austro-hungarian empire broken up, many new states contained minority’s e.g. Germans in Sudetenland in Czechslovakia, Austria suffered severe economic problems as a result
Treaty of Neuilly
1919- dealt with Bulgaria who Lost land to Greece Romania and Yugoslavia, army limited to 20,000, had to pay £10 mill in repetitions
Treaty of Trianon
1920- dealt with Hungary who lost land to Yugoslavia, Romania and czechslovakia, didn’t have to pay reperations since economy was so weak
Treaty of sevres
1920- dealt with turkey, their tax system finances and budget to be controlled by allies and their forces restricted to 50,000 and no Air Force , lost land to Bulgaria Italy and Greece and much of its empire including morocco and Tunisia, Armenia and Kurdistan made independent
Treaty of Lausanne
1923 - defined borders of modern Turkish Republic after Turkish disagreements over t of sèvres - in agreement they gave up all claims to remainder of Ottoman Empire
Principal German loss percentages
100% of prewar colonies 80% of prewar fleet 48% of all Iron production 16% of all coal production 13% of 1914 territory 12% of population
How many lives and how much money on WW1
8.5 million killed
200,000,000,000 dollars
What percentage of those who fought were injured or killed
68%
What was the zone rouge
1,200 square kilometre Area of northeastern France tht was isolated after war as deemed too environmentally damaged by conflicting for human habitation
Who came out wealthiest country
America
Clemenceau saw France in nvaded by g twice, once in ? And 1914
1870
What did Clemenceau say on wilsons fourteen points
God only needed ten, although never publicly critiqued it
What did the president of France want? Why didn’t it happen
Wanted Germany broken into smaller states but PM Clemenceau knew
The other two wld never agree
What was a reason LG wanted back with germ
Prior to war Germany was Britains if fast trading partner, so a strong and functioning Germany meant jobs and work for Brit
What was Wilson particularly scared of
Commies
What was the name of wilsons policies
Fourteen points
Why did LG have a problem with all the self determination
Some of the countries Wilson wanted it for were in the British empire
Germany population after war compared to France
75 to 40, Frances population deeply devastated
Which of wilsons 14 points did LG HAVE. A particular prob with
“Free access to the sea in peacetime or wartime” since this would mean other countries wld start trading that previously Britain had conducted and turned profit through
When was wilsons 14 points published
In Jan 1918, nearly a year before the end of WW1
What percentages of German land was lost after t of v
13 percentile
