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Russia Flashcards

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1
Q

Russian empire cOvered how much of the worlds total land

A

1/6 of the worlds total land

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2
Q

How many people in Russian empire ?

How many Russian?

A

130 million

55,6 million

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3
Q

What was russianification

A

Policy where non Russians made to speak Russian wear Russian clothes and follow Russian customs

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4
Q

In Poland ur was forbidden to teach children in what language

A

Polish

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5
Q

Countries in Russian empire where russianification took place

A

Finland
Poland
Latvia

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6
Q

In Russia what percentage peasants in 1905

A

84%

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7
Q

How many people in five were peasants

A

1 in five

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8
Q

If Russia was so big how come peasants wanted land

A

Bcos there wasn’t enough FARMABLE land

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9
Q

Nobles made up what percent of pop but owned how much land I

A

Made up 1.5% but owned a 1/4 of land

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10
Q

When did tsar nich come to throne

A

1894

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11
Q

Did the tsar have a gov

A

No

No one to represent views of the people

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12
Q

Name annoying things of tsar

A 
Censorship of newspapers and books 
Intolerance of opposition
No parliament 
Okhrana 
Use of brutal Cossacks as protests
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13
Q

Name for tsars secret polic

A

Okhrana

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14
Q

Church and tsar

A

Orthodox Church closely linked to tsar
Tsar was head of country and head of church
He believed he had a DIVINE ROGHT fiven by god

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15
Q

Who was tsars wife

A

Tsarina Alexandra

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16
Q

Did tsar know much about his ppl

A

NO never visited factories Andes misinformed by advisers

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17
Q

What did tsars sister write in journal

A

“Le kept saying.. he was wholly unfit to reign”

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18
Q

What year did socialist revolutionaries form

A

1901

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19
Q

Who murderered governor of Tambov who tortured peasants who cld t pay taxes

A

Marie spirodonova 19 yr old socialist revolutionary

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20
Q

Bolsheviks bs Mensheviks

A 
B = small disciplined party as large 1 wld be infiltrated
M = mass organisation for AL LL workers
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21
Q

What was Trotskys nickname

A

The pen

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22
Q

Where did Mensheviks and Bolsheviiks come from

A

Social Democratic Party

Followed teaching of Karl Marx

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23
Q

What did Russia need to do in 1905

A

Mechanise it’s backwards farming
Made peasants pay too much taxes
Workers wages too low

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24
Q

Whose houses were burned in protest

A

Landlords

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25
Q

Poor harvest when and when which meant starving

A

1900 and 1902

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26
Q

When did Russia go to war with Japan

A

1904

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27
Q

Why did tsar think war with Japan was a good idea

A

Victory in a short war would stop his critics

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28
Q

Why did the Russo Japanese war make things worse

A

Prices rose
More food shortages
Lack of industrial materials meant factories had to shut down meant more enemployment meant more hunger

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29
Q

We’re Russian the humiliated by Japan

A

They made defeat after defeat

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30
Q

In 1905 which port fell to Japan and highlighted tsar. Incompetence

A

Port Arthur

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31
Q

Bloody Sunday organised by who

A

Father Gapon

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32
Q

Date of Bloody Sunday

A

SUNDAY the 22nd of January!

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33
Q

How many marched to winter palace on Bloody Sunday

A

200,000

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34
Q

How many casualties of Bloody Sunday

A

Estimations vary from thousands to less than 100

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35
Q

Was Bloody Sunday violent on marchers behal

A

No they carried crosses and pictures of tsar

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36
Q

Where was tsar dying Bloody Sunday

A

In countryside as he didn’t think it was a serious prob

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37
Q

By the end of January how many workers on strike following Bloody Sunday

A

400,000

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38
Q

On 4th of Feb 1905 who was assassinated

A

Grand Duke Sergei

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39
Q

In June 1905 sailors of what ship mutinies

A

POTEMKIN

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40
Q

In October 1905 who was threat to the tsar

A

St oetersburg Soviet of workers deputies and other Soviets

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41
Q

When was October manifesto made

A

30th October

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42
Q

What was in the October manifesto

A

Duma, to be selected by the people
Civil rights like freedom of speech
Uncensored newspapers
Right to form political parties

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43
Q

After oct manifesto in December why did tsar become more confident

A

Troops back and he used them to shut down st Petersburg Soviet if workers deputies and an armed uprising in Moscow

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44
Q

Why did tsar appoint a Pm

A

To deal with countryside disturbances

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45
Q

Who did tsar appoint as prime minister 1906

A

Peter stolypin

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46
Q

What did stolypin do

A

Set up military courts which couldn’t sentence and. Hang a person on the spot
Thousands executed
Noose became known as stolypin a necktie

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47
Q

Freedom of press guaranteed on 1905. Did they follow thru

A

Still happens people got fined or newspaper ha big white spaces

48
Q

First Duma met when

A

April 1906

49
Q

What couldn’t Duma do

A

Pass laws
Appoint ministers
Or control finances in areas like defends

50
Q

Could tsar dissolve the Duma any time he wanted

A

Yes

51
Q

How did elections favour nobles

A

1 representative for every 2000 nobles

1 representative for every 90,000 peasants

52
Q

First two dimas radical whatbdidbtheybwant

A

More power for themselves
Freedom to strike
Free education
More land for peasants

53
Q

How long did it take tsar to dissolve the 1st and 2nd Duma

A

Weeks

54
Q

What changed 3rd Duma

A

Stolypin changed way it was elected favouring gentry and urban rich
More conservative
STILL CRITICAL OF GOV !

55
Q

How long did 3rd Duma last

A

1907-1912

56
Q

Good thing 3rd Duma did

A

Got accident insurance for workers

57
Q

4th Duma

A

Didn’t do much cos war but TSAR WASS STARTING TO WORK WITH UT

58
Q

Stolypin reforms

A

Peasants cld but strips of land from eachover
Peasants bank set u to enable this
Created kulaks new class of prosperous peasants to

59
Q

How many peasants took up offer of buying land

A

15%

60
Q

Good results form stolypin reforms

A

Production of grain increased

Record harvest in 1913

61
Q

Bad results of stolypin reforms

A

New class of poorer peasants who sold land and became labourers for others

62
Q

What happened with peasants and trams Siberian railway

A

4 mill encouraged to go and settle and made long journeys but arrived to find land taken by rich land spectators

63
Q

Between 1905 and 1914 total industrial production increased by

A

100%

64
Q

Befor ww Russia became the fourth biggest producer of

A

Coal pig iron steel

65
Q

By 1924 2/5 of factory workers worked in a factory with ?

A

1,000 workers

66
Q

Working conditions didn’t improve

A

Average wage lower than it was in 1903

67
Q

In 1912 where did an important strike take place

A

Lena goldfields in Siberia

68
Q

What were workers protesting in Lena goldfields

A

Wages

Working hours of 5-7

69
Q

How many and how many wounded at Lena goldfields

A

170 killed

373 wounded

70
Q

Rasputin damage rep of tsar

A

Yep

71
Q

What happened initially when war broke out

A

TSAR more pop
Ppl put aside problems in face of a common enemy
St Petersburg became Petrograd

72
Q

How many Russians dead wounded or taken prisoner by the when of 1914

A

1 million

73
Q

How many wounded dead or taken prisoner by 1917

A

8 million

74
Q

Many died without weapons ammunition or even ? .

A

Boots

75
Q

A third of men had no

A

Rifles

76
Q

In September 1915 what did tsar do

A

Went to war himself

Handing responsibilities to tsarina

77
Q

Why didn’t ppl like tsarina

A

She was German background ppl thought she was a spy

Mates / sleeping with Rasputin

78
Q

Who did tsarina refuse to work with

A

Duma

79
Q

Tsarina changed ministers so often that

A

Nobody was organising food or supplies for the cities

80
Q

What did conscription mean for Russia

A

Millions of farm workers gone

81
Q

Problems during war for russ

A 
Unemployment cos materials not getting to factories and closing
No coal - coldness 
Workers asked to work even longer hours 
Sale of vodka stopped
Food left rotting Bcos railway chaos
82
Q

On the ? Of march how many workers from where went on strike

A

On 7th march, 400,000 workers from Putilov engineering strikes for higher wages

83
Q

8th march WAS INTERNATIONAL WOMENS DAY and thousands took to steet
What followed

A

I’m following two days thousands more joined

84
Q

How did tsar respond to Duma telling him Russia was at crisi point

A

TSAR called it nonsense and said ‘ I will not even bother to reply. ‘

85
Q

12tg march 1917 who refused to fire on crowds

A

Soldiers

86
Q

Railway workers refused to let who back into city

A

TSAR

87
Q

When did the Tsar abdicate

A

The 15th march 1917

88
Q

Who returned April 1917 with what

A

LENIN WIT THE APRIL THESES

89
Q

Who took control after TSAR

A

Provisional government with Alexander Kerensky in charge

90
Q

In July Lenin went into hidin in

A

Finland

91
Q

When did bolsheviks win control of the Moscow sovie t

A

19th of September 1917

92
Q

When did Lenin return for good to Petrograd and what did he do

A

Persuaded bolsehviks to seize power and stayed up all night convincing them
On the 23rd of October 1917

93
Q

When did the bolsheviks take control from the provisional government

A

November 6-7

94
Q

Who did provisional gov have dual power with thanks to which member of both

A

Petrograd Soviet

Alexander kerensky

95
Q

Lenin offered want

A

End of war

Peace bread and land

96
Q

Why were people deserting in WW1

A

To go home and steal lands

97
Q

What distinguished bolsheviks

A

Only they opposed war

98
Q

Trotsky informed everyone of Bolshevik takeover how

A

Newspapers

Handed out leaflets

99
Q

Morale amongst pg low

What did their defence do

A

Cossacks slipped away
Women’s death battalion left after The Auroraa blank shot fire that signalled start of war
PG gave up when reds found them

100
Q

Why did PG fail

A

Didn’t give peasants land
Didn’t end War which meant no food
Lenin was a real match
Kornilove coup d’etat empowered bolsheviks and undermined kerensky

101
Q

What were te November decrees

A

Titles and classes abolished
Women declared equal to men
Max 8 hour workday

102
Q

December decrees

A

Liberal party and cadets banned
Banks taken over
Church land confiscated
Divorce made easier

103
Q

Use of the Cheka

A

The Cheka launched red terror
Many opponents shot without trial
Big feature

104
Q

Who ended war

A

Trotsky went but walked out cos German asked for too much but Lenin sent him back and Russia lost 27% of farm land 26% railways a sixth of their population

105
Q

What treaty ended war

A

Brest litovsk

106
Q

When was Brest litovsk

A

March 1918

107
Q

Three sides of Russian civil war

A

Reds whites green

108
Q

Whites consisted of

A

Tsarists nobles Mensheviks socialist revs

Name came from white uniforms of tsarist officers

109
Q

Why did reds have geographical advantage

A

Held central areas which industrial areas for munition

Had railway control n they could send soldiers where they needed

110
Q

Whites shit part geo

A

Scattered 100s of miles apart

Didn’t get On communication difficult

111
Q

Why did whites fail

A

Lacked good leaders
Commanders treated men with discresodct took drugs drank a lot set bad example
General didn’t trust eachover
Too much disagreement on sims

112
Q

Red aims and leadership

A

Superb leader in Trotsky who was a defiant fighter introduced conscription and brought in 50,000 tsarist officers
He had special train which took him and special troops to parts where fighting was hardest

113
Q

Why did foreign intervention fail for whites

A

Troops wouldn’t fight because they were tired of war and were sumpathaetic
French mutinied in Black Sea
Brit Labour Party protested
USA only there to make sure Japanese didn’t seize territory

114
Q

Count kokostov said of Duma, eyewitness account

A

Overwhelming majority dressed in workers blouses and cotton shirts, behind them was a crowd of peasants

115
Q

How did Lenin keep red army supplied

A

War communism

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