Russia Flashcards
Russian empire cOvered how much of the worlds total land
1/6 of the worlds total land
How many people in Russian empire ?
How many Russian?
130 million
55,6 million
What was russianification
Policy where non Russians made to speak Russian wear Russian clothes and follow Russian customs
In Poland ur was forbidden to teach children in what language
Polish
Countries in Russian empire where russianification took place
Finland
Poland
Latvia
In Russia what percentage peasants in 1905
84%
How many people in five were peasants
1 in five
If Russia was so big how come peasants wanted land
Bcos there wasn’t enough FARMABLE land
Nobles made up what percent of pop but owned how much land I
Made up 1.5% but owned a 1/4 of land
When did tsar nich come to throne
1894
Did the tsar have a gov
No
No one to represent views of the people
Name annoying things of tsar
Censorship of newspapers and books Intolerance of opposition No parliament Okhrana Use of brutal Cossacks as protests
Name for tsars secret polic
Okhrana
Church and tsar
Orthodox Church closely linked to tsar
Tsar was head of country and head of church
He believed he had a DIVINE ROGHT fiven by god
Who was tsars wife
Tsarina Alexandra
Did tsar know much about his ppl
NO never visited factories Andes misinformed by advisers
What did tsars sister write in journal
“Le kept saying.. he was wholly unfit to reign”
What year did socialist revolutionaries form
1901
Who murderered governor of Tambov who tortured peasants who cld t pay taxes
Marie spirodonova 19 yr old socialist revolutionary
Bolsheviks bs Mensheviks
B = small disciplined party as large 1 wld be infiltrated M = mass organisation for AL LL workers
What was Trotskys nickname
The pen
Where did Mensheviks and Bolsheviiks come from
Social Democratic Party
Followed teaching of Karl Marx
What did Russia need to do in 1905
Mechanise it’s backwards farming
Made peasants pay too much taxes
Workers wages too low
Whose houses were burned in protest
Landlords
Poor harvest when and when which meant starving
1900 and 1902
When did Russia go to war with Japan
1904
Why did tsar think war with Japan was a good idea
Victory in a short war would stop his critics
Why did the Russo Japanese war make things worse
Prices rose
More food shortages
Lack of industrial materials meant factories had to shut down meant more enemployment meant more hunger
We’re Russian the humiliated by Japan
They made defeat after defeat
In 1905 which port fell to Japan and highlighted tsar. Incompetence
Port Arthur
Bloody Sunday organised by who
Father Gapon
Date of Bloody Sunday
SUNDAY the 22nd of January!
How many marched to winter palace on Bloody Sunday
200,000
How many casualties of Bloody Sunday
Estimations vary from thousands to less than 100
Was Bloody Sunday violent on marchers behal
No they carried crosses and pictures of tsar
Where was tsar dying Bloody Sunday
In countryside as he didn’t think it was a serious prob
By the end of January how many workers on strike following Bloody Sunday
400,000
On 4th of Feb 1905 who was assassinated
Grand Duke Sergei
In June 1905 sailors of what ship mutinies
POTEMKIN
In October 1905 who was threat to the tsar
St oetersburg Soviet of workers deputies and other Soviets
When was October manifesto made
30th October
What was in the October manifesto
Duma, to be selected by the people
Civil rights like freedom of speech
Uncensored newspapers
Right to form political parties
After oct manifesto in December why did tsar become more confident
Troops back and he used them to shut down st Petersburg Soviet if workers deputies and an armed uprising in Moscow
Why did tsar appoint a Pm
To deal with countryside disturbances
Who did tsar appoint as prime minister 1906
Peter stolypin
What did stolypin do
Set up military courts which couldn’t sentence and. Hang a person on the spot
Thousands executed
Noose became known as stolypin a necktie
Freedom of press guaranteed on 1905. Did they follow thru
Still happens people got fined or newspaper ha big white spaces
First Duma met when
April 1906
What couldn’t Duma do
Pass laws
Appoint ministers
Or control finances in areas like defends
Could tsar dissolve the Duma any time he wanted
Yes
How did elections favour nobles
1 representative for every 2000 nobles
1 representative for every 90,000 peasants
First two dimas radical whatbdidbtheybwant
More power for themselves
Freedom to strike
Free education
More land for peasants
How long did it take tsar to dissolve the 1st and 2nd Duma
Weeks
What changed 3rd Duma
Stolypin changed way it was elected favouring gentry and urban rich
More conservative
STILL CRITICAL OF GOV !
How long did 3rd Duma last
1907-1912
Good thing 3rd Duma did
Got accident insurance for workers
4th Duma
Didn’t do much cos war but TSAR WASS STARTING TO WORK WITH UT
Stolypin reforms
Peasants cld but strips of land from eachover
Peasants bank set u to enable this
Created kulaks new class of prosperous peasants to
How many peasants took up offer of buying land
15%
Good results form stolypin reforms
Production of grain increased
Record harvest in 1913
Bad results of stolypin reforms
New class of poorer peasants who sold land and became labourers for others
What happened with peasants and trams Siberian railway
4 mill encouraged to go and settle and made long journeys but arrived to find land taken by rich land spectators
Between 1905 and 1914 total industrial production increased by
100%
Befor ww Russia became the fourth biggest producer of
Coal pig iron steel
By 1924 2/5 of factory workers worked in a factory with ?
1,000 workers
Working conditions didn’t improve
Average wage lower than it was in 1903
In 1912 where did an important strike take place
Lena goldfields in Siberia
What were workers protesting in Lena goldfields
Wages
Working hours of 5-7
How many and how many wounded at Lena goldfields
170 killed
373 wounded
Rasputin damage rep of tsar
Yep
What happened initially when war broke out
TSAR more pop
Ppl put aside problems in face of a common enemy
St Petersburg became Petrograd
How many Russians dead wounded or taken prisoner by the when of 1914
1 million
How many wounded dead or taken prisoner by 1917
8 million
Many died without weapons ammunition or even ? .
Boots
A third of men had no
Rifles
In September 1915 what did tsar do
Went to war himself
Handing responsibilities to tsarina
Why didn’t ppl like tsarina
She was German background ppl thought she was a spy
Mates / sleeping with Rasputin
Who did tsarina refuse to work with
Duma
Tsarina changed ministers so often that
Nobody was organising food or supplies for the cities
What did conscription mean for Russia
Millions of farm workers gone
Problems during war for russ
Unemployment cos materials not getting to factories and closing No coal - coldness Workers asked to work even longer hours Sale of vodka stopped Food left rotting Bcos railway chaos
On the ? Of march how many workers from where went on strike
On 7th march, 400,000 workers from Putilov engineering strikes for higher wages
8th march WAS INTERNATIONAL WOMENS DAY and thousands took to steet
What followed
I’m following two days thousands more joined
How did tsar respond to Duma telling him Russia was at crisi point
TSAR called it nonsense and said ‘ I will not even bother to reply. ‘
12tg march 1917 who refused to fire on crowds
Soldiers
Railway workers refused to let who back into city
TSAR
When did the Tsar abdicate
The 15th march 1917
Who returned April 1917 with what
LENIN WIT THE APRIL THESES
Who took control after TSAR
Provisional government with Alexander Kerensky in charge
In July Lenin went into hidin in
Finland
When did bolsheviks win control of the Moscow sovie t
19th of September 1917
When did Lenin return for good to Petrograd and what did he do
Persuaded bolsehviks to seize power and stayed up all night convincing them
On the 23rd of October 1917
When did the bolsheviks take control from the provisional government
November 6-7
Who did provisional gov have dual power with thanks to which member of both
Petrograd Soviet
Alexander kerensky
Lenin offered want
End of war
Peace bread and land
Why were people deserting in WW1
To go home and steal lands
What distinguished bolsheviks
Only they opposed war
Trotsky informed everyone of Bolshevik takeover how
Newspapers
Handed out leaflets
Morale amongst pg low
What did their defence do
Cossacks slipped away
Women’s death battalion left after The Auroraa blank shot fire that signalled start of war
PG gave up when reds found them
Why did PG fail
Didn’t give peasants land
Didn’t end War which meant no food
Lenin was a real match
Kornilove coup d’etat empowered bolsheviks and undermined kerensky
What were te November decrees
Titles and classes abolished
Women declared equal to men
Max 8 hour workday
December decrees
Liberal party and cadets banned
Banks taken over
Church land confiscated
Divorce made easier
Use of the Cheka
The Cheka launched red terror
Many opponents shot without trial
Big feature
Who ended war
Trotsky went but walked out cos German asked for too much but Lenin sent him back and Russia lost 27% of farm land 26% railways a sixth of their population
What treaty ended war
Brest litovsk
When was Brest litovsk
March 1918
Three sides of Russian civil war
Reds whites green
Whites consisted of
Tsarists nobles Mensheviks socialist revs
Name came from white uniforms of tsarist officers
Why did reds have geographical advantage
Held central areas which industrial areas for munition
Had railway control n they could send soldiers where they needed
Whites shit part geo
Scattered 100s of miles apart
Didn’t get On communication difficult
Why did whites fail
Lacked good leaders
Commanders treated men with discresodct took drugs drank a lot set bad example
General didn’t trust eachover
Too much disagreement on sims
Red aims and leadership
Superb leader in Trotsky who was a defiant fighter introduced conscription and brought in 50,000 tsarist officers
He had special train which took him and special troops to parts where fighting was hardest
Why did foreign intervention fail for whites
Troops wouldn’t fight because they were tired of war and were sumpathaetic
French mutinied in Black Sea
Brit Labour Party protested
USA only there to make sure Japanese didn’t seize territory
Count kokostov said of Duma, eyewitness account
Overwhelming majority dressed in workers blouses and cotton shirts, behind them was a crowd of peasants
How did Lenin keep red army supplied
War communism
