Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theme 4 > T Cells > Flashcards

T Cells Flashcards

1
Q 
Match the following
CD4 T cells
CD8 T cells
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
A

CD4 T cells = helper T cells

CD8 T cells = Cytotoxic T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of T cells

A
  1. Directs the immune response - CD4 T cells

2. Kill virally infected cells- CD8 T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are T cells generated

A
  1. T cell precursors are produced in the bone marrow
  2. During gestation, T cells migrate from bone marrow to Thymus
  3. Thymus is involved in the education of thymocytes by
    - selection of cells that are likely to be useful
    - Removal of cells that are likely to be self-reactive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of Thymus in T cells production

A

Education of thymocytes by

  1. Selection of cells that are likely to be useful
  2. Removal of cells that are likely to be self-reactive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 6 labels in a T cell receptor diagram

A
  1. Variable region
  2. Constant region
  3. Carbohydrate
  4. Hinge
  5. Disulfide bond
  6. Cytoplasmic tail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the variable region on a T cell receptor made?

A

Somatic Recombination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A specific T cells can recognise any antigen.

True of false?

A

False.
Just like B-cells and antibodies,
T cells are antigen-specific.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Match the following based on the recognition molecule of each lymphocyte.
B cells, T cells, peptide, Intact protein (antigen)

A

B cells = Intact protein (antigen)

T cells = Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The receptor on the Antigen-presenting cell is called

A

Major HistoCompatibility(MHC) molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain in 8 steps -Antigen processing in class 1 pathway by Viral infected cells

A
  1. Viral infected cell is synthesising viral protein
  2. Through the ER and Golgi then into the Cytoplasm
  3. The protein made passes through proteasome - a tubular organelle lined with enzyme
  4. Protein is degraded into peptides
  5. Peptide travels back into ER by TAP transporter
  6. In the ER, peptide is loaded onto MHC 1
  7. CD8 cell with the correct receptor recognises the peptide as foreign and kill the target cell
  8. In a healthy cell, the MHC 1 is loaded with a self peptide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Apoptosis of infected cells as a result of CD8 Cytotoxic cell action can be evident in what infection

A

Genital ulcer - breach of mucosa where infected epithelial cells have been killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain in 7 steps Antigen processing in Class 2 pathway by Antigen Presenting cells

A
  1. Macrophages, B cells and Dendritic cells acts as APC
  2. Macrophages and dendritic cells take up antigen from extracellular space by endocytosis/phagocytosis.
  3. Antigen is present in intracellular vesicle of APC
  4. Protease in vesicle degrades antigen into peptides
  5. Vesicle containing peptide fuse with vesicle containing MHC class 2
  6. CD4 T that recognises the peptide-MHC2 complex binds
  7. Direct other elements of the immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain in 5 steps- Antigen processing by B- cells

A
  1. B cells has antibody receptor on its surface
  2. Specific antibody binds to specific antigen to form an antibody-antigen complex
  3. Complex is internalised.
  4. Antigen is degraded into peptide.
  5. Peptide is loaded onto MHC class 2 and is transported to the B-cell surface.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List 3 types of Antigen presenting cells

A
  1. Macrophages
  2. Dendritic cells
  3. B-cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does CD4 signal to its antigen presenting cells?

A
  1. Via cytokines

2. Juxtacrine signalling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When CD4-B cell complex is formed via MHC class 2 and T cell receptor, what is the result ?

A
  1. B cell maturation
    - Affinity maturation (remember the B cell divides and undergoes this - but it is the antibody they produce that experiences class switch and somatic hypermutation)
    So more B- cells arrive at site of infection, more IgG antibodies produced
    Neutralisation of toxins
17
Q

When CD4-Macrophage complex is formed vis MHC class 2 and T cell receptor, what is the result?

A

CD4 releases cytokines. Signals more macrophage to come to site of infection. Macrophages can fuse to form multi-nucleate giant cell. This improves macrophages ability to kill infection. E.g in TB
This is a GRANULOMA

18
Q

Do T cells undergo clonal selection?

If yes explain

A

Yes. T cells undergo clonal selection. The best suited one survives and increases in number. After the infection, a few remain long lived as T- cells memory. T cells do not undergo affinity maturation. So they do not class switch (as they do not make antibodies) and they do not hypermutate

Theme 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions