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MIMM 214 > T Cells 1 > Flashcards

T Cells 1 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the activation of proliferation vs differentiation

A
  1. proliferation activated by IL-2 from signals 1 + 2
  2. differentiation activated by signal 3
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2
Q

when does clonal expansion occur relative to differentiation?

A

at the same time

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3
Q

what are the 4 general steps for production of effector T cells?

A
  1. APC presents antigen to naive T cell
  2. signal 1+2 produces IL-2
  3. cytokines release to cause clonal expansion/differentiation (signal 3)
  4. production of effector T cells with effector functions
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4
Q

what are the general functions of effector CD4+ T cells?

A

Activation of macrophages, B cells, other cells

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5
Q

what are the general functions of effector CD8+ T cell?

A

killing infected target cells, activating macrophages

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6
Q

what cells do T follicular helper cells activate?

A

B cells

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7
Q

what are the 3 signals for activation of B cells by T follicular helper cells?

A
  1. p:BCR
  2. Th2 cytokines + TCR:pMHCII + CD40L:CD40
  3. linked recognition
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8
Q

what is a function of TH1 cells?

A

activate macrophages

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9
Q

what is a function of Tc cells?

A

directly kill infected cells

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10
Q

what is the only type of effector cell that CD8+ T cells can become?

A

Cytotoxic

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11
Q

what are the 5 steps once T cells leave the lymph node?

A
  1. efferent lymphatic vessel
  2. thoracic duct
  3. bloodstream
  4. site of infection
  5. cell-mediated immunity
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12
Q

what do Th1 cells do to Tc cells?

A

promote killing by Tc cells and ROS killing by macrophages

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13
Q

what 3 things happen after infection is cleared?

A
  1. T cell activity downregulated
  2. immunological memory produced
  3. restoration of epithelial integrity
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14
Q

what is the difference in cytokine signals for proliferation and differentiation?

A

proliferation is AUTOCRINE mechanism

differentiation is PARACRINE mechanism

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15
Q

how is differentiation a paracrine mechanism?

A

APC produces cytokines that act on the naive T cell

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16
Q

what is another name for a naive CD4+ T helper cell?

A

TH0

17
Q

what determines the type of effector cell that is produced?

A

cytokines produced for signal 3

18
Q

what type of cells produce regulatory T cells?

A

CD4+ T cells

19
Q

what 2 things allow for lymphocyte activation?

A

proliferation + differentiation

20
Q

what do effector T cells result from?

A

effector T cells result from differentiated T cells from activated T cells

21
Q

T cells can be classified depending on: (3)

A
  1. TFs they express
  2. cytokine profile they make
  3. main function in adaptive immunity
22
Q

what determines the specific type of effector T cell produced?

A

the PAMP that binds to the APC

23
Q

do effector T cells require co-stimulation to act?

A

NO

24
Q

What does VLA-4 do?

A

binds receptors on endothelial cells near inflamed tissue

25
Q

what do selectins do?

A

targets naive T cells to HEVs to enter the lymph node

26
Q

what determines the fate of T cells?

A

cytokines

27
Q

what are the 5 subtypes of effector T cells?

A
  1. TH1
  2. TH2
  3. TH17
  4. TFH
  5. Treg
28
Q

what is the name for signal 3 cytokines?

A

polarizing cytokines

29
Q

what is the role of polarizing cytokines?

A

guiding a T cell towards an effector fate

30
Q

what polarizing cytokine do viruses stimulate? which type of T cell? what about worms?

A

viruses: IL-12 –> induces TH1

worms: IL-4 –> induces TH2

31
Q

what are the 4 steps of signal 3?

A
  1. signal 3 cytokines bind receptor on T cell
  2. STAT proteins phosphorylated
  3. STAT proteins activated and act as TFs for another TFs
  4. the 2nd TF produces cytokines to determine activity of activated, differentiated T cell

MIMM 214 (33 decks)

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