T cell memory

Question 1

T helper 1 cell
-what it is drives cell differentiation
-what does it make
-what is the sigature cytokine
-what inate immune cell does this help

Answer 1

bacteria and virsues casue DCs to make IL-2

cytokine= interferton-y

enhances response from macrophage to pahgocytosis

Question 2

T helper 2 cells
-what it is driven by
-what does cells expossed make
-signature cytokine
-what innate immune cell is recruited

Answer 2

-driven by helminths worms
-makes IL-4
cytokine= IL-4, IL-13
-eosinophil to help expel gut worms

Question 3

T helper 17 cells
-what drives TH17 differentiation
-signature cytokine
-what inate cells does cytokines attract and activate

Answer 3

-driven by bacteria and fungus
-cytokine= IL-17
-neutrophil

Question 4

structure of lymph node
-paracortex
-B cell follicles
-afferent lymph vessel
-efferent lymph vessel

Answer 4

• where Dcs from the tissues meet naive CD4 and CD8 T cells
• where germinal centres form during immune response
• afferent= where cells come in from the tissue
• efferent= where cells leave the lymph node

Question 5

what do activated T cells become if they interact with B cells in follicles,
-where do these cells move B cell follicles

Answer 5

-T follicular helper cells
-these cells move B cell follicles to form the germinal centre response

Question 6

B cell response in the germinal centre
-what do they become after help from T follicular helper cells
1) proliferate
2) somatic hypermutation
3) class swithcing
5)

Answer 6

1) proliferate
2) somatic hypermuation= chnage the nucleaotide of their b cell receptor
3) class switching
4) B cells with highest affinity pick up most antigen and present T follicular helper cells in germinal centre
5) the b cells that get help from T follicular helper cells wither turn into memory or plasma cells

Question 7

difference between plasma and memory B cells

Answer 7

plasma- make high affinity class switching antibodies that clear infection
memory= protect host from infection

Question 8

why do only a few T memory cells remain

Answer 8

most T cells undergo apoptosis

Question 9

why are memory responses better than primary responses
1) number
2) location
3) speed

Answer 9

1) more antigen specific T cells
2) already present in non-lymphoid and secondary lymphoid organs
3) respond earlier after infection

Question 10

memory T cells can be found in different locations in the body
1) central memory T cells
2) effector memory T cells
3) tissue resident memory T cells

Answer 10

1) found in secondary lymphoid organs and proliferate rapidly to re- exposure to antigen
2) circulate in blood and peripheral tissues- can get to new sites of infection rapidly
3) found non-lymphoid tissues- rectivated at site of infection