cells and anatomy of immune system

Question 2

three levels of defence against immune system

Answer 2

1) anatomoical and physiological barriers e.g. skin, mucous in GI, stomach acid, lysozyme in saliva and tears
2) inate
3) adaptive

Question 3

example of inate and adaptive body defence mechanisms
1) inate mast cells, neutrophils and monocytes, coplement cascade
2) Dcs, B cells, T cells

Answer 3

1) mast cells= casue sticky and leaky blood vessles allow fluid and protein like complement to enter the tissue
-neutrophils and monocytes recruit more phagocytic cells to engulf and kill pathogen. changes blood vessles to allow these cells to leave blood and enter tissue

2) initiated by dendritic cells
T cells release cytokines and toxic molecules

Question 4

where are lympocytes found 1st and 2nd

Answer 4

1st- where all immune cell develop.
-where lympcytes develop and mature.
bone marrow- b cells
thymus- t cells

2nd- where all mature lympcytes encounter forgin pathogens.
where adaptive immune response begins
-spleen , lymph nodes

Question 5

where are hematopoietic stem cells produced and what do they give rise to

Answer 5

-bone marrow
-give rise to red blood cells and all immune cells

Question 6

what 3 cells are granulocytes
what are mast cells a precurser for?

Answer 6

eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil
mast cell= dcs and macrophage

Question 7

describe function of
mast cell
neutrophil
macrophage
dc

Answer 7

-raise the alarm, relase toxic molecules
-release toxic molecules, engulf and kill bacteria
-egulf and kill bacteria, alert immune system of presence of infection, tissue repair and wound healing
dendritic cell- engulf and kill bacteria/ virus- migrate to lymph node and activate adaptive responses

Question 8

the 4 mast cell granules they release to act as a alarm

Answer 8

-histamine
-LTB4
-cytokines
-chemokines

Question 9

what does histamine and LTB4 do to blood vessles

Answer 9

blood vessles dilate, vessles become leaky and sticky

Question 10

function of neutrophils (foot soldjer)
-longevity
-what is it
-how many bacteria does it kill by pahgocytosis

Answer 10

short-lived
segmented nucleas
a granulocyte and a phagocyte
kill one bacteria
granules contain kill and digest substances

Question 11

function of macrophages (sentry guards)

Answer 11

-long lived
-kill hungred of bacteria by phagocytosis

Question 12

in response to infection on finger
1) what casues redness and swelling
2) what casues green and yellow pus

Answer 12

1) mast cells as a result of vasodilation and leakiness
2) neutrophils

Question 13

what happens when PAMPS bind to PRRs on innate immune cells

Answer 13

causes pahgocytosis of the pathogen and
cytokines prodcution of immune cell