T-Cell Development and Selection (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

T cell life cycle

A

T cell precursors travel from the bone marrow (undifferentiated state) to develop in the thymus (all of selection, and formation of T cell receptor and testing of it).

Mature T cells leave the thymus and travel to secondary lymphoid organs where they can search for the antigen they are specific for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thymic involution

A

Thymus goes through involution.

0-10 years old, thymus is in its full funciton, but as humans age, the thymus becomes smaller and has less function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T cells are called _ while they wait to develop into T cells

A

thymocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When stem cells move from the bone marrow to the thymus, they begin their transformation

A

uncommitted progenitor cell -> double negative thymocyte comitted to the T cell lineage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When stem cells enter the thymus

A
  • Express CD34 (stem cell marker) as they enter the thymus, and eventually they downregulate CD34 and begin to upregulate CD2

Early developmental phenotype.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CD2 (after CD34)

A

Adhesion and signaling

CD2 signals that the cell is comitted to the T cell lineage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TCR genes

A

Antigen receptor

Uncommitted to T cell: germline
Committed to T cell: beginning rearrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CD4 and CD8 are not expressed, in either

A

uncommitted stage or the committed stage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T cell selection happens in

A

the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Regions of the thymus

A

Cortex - very dense

Medulla - less dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

region between medulla and cortex

A

cortico-medullary junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cortex houses what cells?

A
  • Cortical epithelial cells
  • Thymocyte (cells that undergo the selection process)
  • Medullary eptithelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thymic epithelial cells perform

A

positive selection (happens in the cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does positive selection occur

A

cortex of thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where does negative selection occur

A

cortico-meduallar junction region of the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cells that mediate negative selection of thymocytes

A
  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophage
17
Q

cortical epithelial cells origin

A

thymic origin

18
Q

thymocyte origin

A

bone marrow origin

19
Q

medullary epithelial cell origin

A

thymic origin

20
Q

dendritic cell origin

A

bone marrow origin

21
Q

Macrophage origin

A

bone marrow origin

22
Q

cells that undergo T cell selection

A

thymoctyes

23
Q

The early development of a;b T cells in the thymus

A
  1. progenitor cells
  2. proliferation
  3. double (-) T cells commit to T cell lineage
  4. Rearrange beta genes
  5. CHECKPOINT for pre-TCR
  6. proliferating double (-) pre-T cells
  7. immature double positive cells rearrange alpha genes
  8. CHECKPOINT for TCR
  9. mature double positive cells
24
Q

After a productive rearrangement..

A

First: Positive selection
- Thymic epithelial cells do the selecting (Thymic origin)
- Poor binders eliminated (If the T cell receptor does not bind to MHC, the T cell dies).
- Positive selection is happening when the T cell receptor is able to bind to MHC.
- Region of thymus: Cortex

Opposite in B cells, they first undergo negative selection.

25
Second step after rearrangement
**Negative Seletion** - *Dendritic cells do the selecting* (bone marrow) - Overly strong binders eliminated - Region: **corticomedullary junction**
26
Do gamma/delta cells go through negative or positive selection?
No no regulation of if they bind MHC or too tightly to a cell.
27
What step determines if a a T cell will commit to the CD4 or CD8 phenotype
positive selection
28
If a TCR happens to interact with a MHC class I molecule with reasonable affinity during positive selection
the CD8 molecule will join that interaction and downregulate CD4 and signal the **formation of a CD8 T cell**
29
If a TCR happens to bind MHC class II with reasonable affinity
CD4 joins the interaction and will send a signal to the T cell and upregulating CD4 and downregulate CD8, **becoming a CD4 cell**.
30
during positive selection the T cell goes from being _ to _
double positive to single positive Either CD4/CD8 is upregulated, while the other is downregulated
31
CD4-, CD8- (first step)
Stage in Development: - proliferation and differentation to double positive CD3+ thymocytes Thymocyte location: - double negative CD3- thymocytes in the subcapsular zone
32
CD4+,CD8+ (second step)
Stage in development: **positive selection** Thymocyte location - double positive thymocytes in the thymic cortex
33
CD4+, CD8+ (third step)
Stage in developemnt: - **Negative selection** Thymocyte location and characteristics - Double positive CD3+ thymocytes throughout cortex and especially at the cortico-medullary junction
34
Either CD4+ only or CD8+ only
Stage in development - Entry to circulation Thymocyte location and characteristics - mature self-restricted, self-tolerant, single positive CD4 or CD8 T cells leave the thymus in blood venules