T-1 F/E imbalance in the Kidney Flashcards
oliguria
urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg/h
anuria
total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours
azotemia
abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood
GFR
mount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time
nephrotoxic
any substance, medication, or action that destroys the kidney tissue
polyuria
large amounts of urine
uremia
an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
urinary casts
proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules
fluid volume deficit (manifestation)
acute weight loss decreased skin turgor dry mucous membranes oliguria or anuria increased hematocrit BUN level increased out of proportion to creation level hypothermia
fluid volume deficit (genera management strategies)
fluid challenge
fluid replacement orally or parenterally
Fluid Volume Excess (manifestation )
Acute weight gain edema, crackles, SOB Decreased BUN decreased hematocrit distended neck veins
Fluid Volume Excess (management strategies)
Fluid and sodium restriction
diuretics
dialysis
Sodium Deficit (Manifestation )
Nausea malaise lethargy headache abdominal cramps apprehension seizures
Sodium Deficit (Management Stratagies)
Diet
normal saline or hypertonic saline solution
Sodium Excess (Manifestation)
Dry sticky mucous membranes thirst rough dry tongue fever restlessness weakness disorientation
Sodium Excess (Management)
fluids
diuretics
dietary restrictions
Potassium Deficit (Manifestation)
anorexia abdominal distention paralytic ileus muscle weakness ekg changes dysrythmias
Potassium Def (Management)
Diet
oral or parenteral potassium replacement therapy
Potassium Excess (Manifestation)
Diarrhea colic nausea irritability muscle weakness EKG changes
Potassium Excess (Management)
diet restriction diuretics IV glucose insulin and sodium bicarbonate cation-exchange resin calcium-gluconate dialysis
Calcium Def (Manifestation)
abdominal and muscle cramps stridor (harsh vibrating noise during breathing) hyperactive reflexes tetany positive Chvostek or Trousseau's sign tingling in fingers and around mouth EKG changes
Calcium Def (management)
diet
oral or parenteral calcium salt replacement
Calcium Excess (manifestation)
deep bone pain flank pain muscle weakness depressed deep tendon reflexes constipation nausea and vomitting confusion impaired memory polyuria polydipsia EKG changes
Calcium Excess (management)
fluid replacement
calcitonin
glucocorticoids
Phosphorous Def (manifestation )
deep bone pain flank pain muscle weakness and pain paresthesia apprehension confusion seizures
Phosphorous Def (management)
diet
oral or parenteral phosphorous supplementation therapy
most accurate measurement of fluid loss or gain
daily weight
1kg of weight is equal to
1,000 mL of retained fluid
