T-1 F/E imbalance in the Kidney

Question 1

oliguria

Answer 1

urine output less than 0.5 ml/kg/h

Question 2

anuria

Answer 2

total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours

Question 3

azotemia

Answer 3

abnormal concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood

Question 4

GFR

Answer 4

mount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time

Question 5

nephrotoxic

Answer 5

any substance, medication, or action that destroys the kidney tissue

Question 6

polyuria

Answer 6

large amounts of urine

Question 7

uremia

Answer 7

an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood

Question 8

urinary casts

Answer 8

proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules

Question 9

fluid volume deficit (manifestation)

Answer 9

acute weight loss
decreased skin turgor 
dry mucous membranes 
oliguria or anuria 
increased hematocrit 
BUN level increased out of proportion to creation level 
hypothermia

Question 10

fluid volume deficit (genera management strategies)

Answer 10

fluid challenge

fluid replacement orally or parenterally

Question 11

Fluid Volume Excess (manifestation )

Answer 11

Acute weight gain 
edema, crackles, SOB
Decreased BUN 
decreased hematocrit 
distended neck veins

Question 12

Fluid Volume Excess (management strategies)

Answer 12

Fluid and sodium restriction
diuretics
dialysis

Question 13

Sodium Deficit (Manifestation )

Answer 13

Nausea
malaise
lethargy 
headache 
abdominal cramps 
apprehension 
seizures

Question 14

Sodium Deficit (Management Stratagies)

Answer 14

Diet

normal saline or hypertonic saline solution

Question 15

Sodium Excess (Manifestation)

Answer 15

Dry 
sticky mucous membranes 
thirst 
rough dry tongue 
fever
restlessness 
weakness 
disorientation

Question 16

Sodium Excess (Management)

Answer 16

fluids
diuretics
dietary restrictions

Question 17

Potassium Deficit (Manifestation)

Answer 17

anorexia
abdominal distention 
paralytic ileus
muscle weakness
ekg changes dysrythmias

Question 18

Potassium Def (Management)

Answer 18

Diet

oral or parenteral potassium replacement therapy

Question 19

Potassium Excess (Manifestation)

Answer 19

Diarrhea 
colic 
nausea 
irritability 
muscle weakness
EKG changes

Question 20

Potassium Excess (Management)

Answer 20

diet restriction 
diuretics
IV glucose 
insulin and sodium bicarbonate 
cation-exchange resin 
calcium-gluconate 
dialysis

Question 21

Calcium Def (Manifestation)

Answer 21

abdominal and muscle cramps 
stridor (harsh vibrating noise during breathing)
hyperactive reflexes 
tetany
positive Chvostek or Trousseau's sign 
tingling in fingers and around mouth 
EKG changes

Question 22

Calcium Def (management)

Answer 22

diet

oral or parenteral calcium salt replacement

Question 23

Calcium Excess (manifestation)

Answer 23

deep bone pain 
flank pain 
muscle weakness
depressed deep tendon reflexes
constipation 
nausea and vomitting 
confusion
impaired memory 
polyuria
polydipsia 
EKG changes

Question 24

Calcium Excess (management)

Answer 24

fluid replacement
calcitonin
glucocorticoids

Question 25

Phosphorous Def (manifestation )

Answer 25

deep bone pain 
flank pain 
muscle weakness and pain 
paresthesia 
apprehension 
confusion 
seizures

Question 26

Phosphorous Def (management)

Answer 26

diet

oral or parenteral phosphorous supplementation therapy

Question 27

most accurate measurement of fluid loss or gain

Answer 27

daily weight

Question 28

1kg of weight is equal to

Answer 28

1,000 mL of retained fluid