SZ

Question 1

diagnosis and classification

Answer 1

DSM-5 - 1 +ve symptom
ICD-10- 2 -ve symptoms
-hallucinaions / delusions
-speech poverty / abolition

+good reliability - Osario
-low validity - cheniaux
-co -morbidity - Buckley
-gender bias - cotton
-culture bias - pinto and jones
-symptom overlap

Question 2

Biological explanations

Answer 2

• genetic - family studies (gottesman), candidate genes (ripke), mutations (brown)
  -neural correlates - dopamine hypothesises
  -OG - hyper
  updates - hypo leads to hyper

+gottesman - tierni and hilker
however could be genetic vulnerability
-environmental - Morgan, Di Forte, Morkved
+genetic counselling

+amphetamines - curren
+antipsychotics - Tauscher
-glutamate

Question 3

Psychological

Answer 3

-family disfunction - SZ mother, double bind, expressed emotion
-cognitive - dysfunctional thinking (Simon), metarepresentation and central control dysfunction - frith

+read + Marked
+stirling
-lack of support for mother - based on accounts untestable
-parent blaming
-proximal origins

Question 4

Bio treatment

Answer 4

-typical / atypical antipsychotics - dopamine antagonists

+thornley + meltzer
-healy
-side effects
-unclear mechanisms

Question 5

psychological therapy

Answer 5

CBT (normalisation + realty testing)
family therapy (reduces negative emotions, improves families ability to help)

+evidence of effectiveness - juahar + pontillo
+mcfarlane + NICE
+barrowclaugh
-Thomas
-doesnt cure

Question 6

Management

Answer 6

-token economy matson allyson azrin

+glowaki - file draw
-ethical - takes away privileges
-alternative Chiang
-not effective outside hospital setting