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Echocardiography > Systolic Function > Flashcards

Systolic Function Flashcards

1
Q

formula for LV fractional shortening

A

(LVIDd-LVIDs)/LVIDd x 100%

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2
Q

formula for cross sectional area

A

πr^2 = 0.785 x d^2

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3
Q

formula for stroke volume via 2D

A

EDV-ESV, [mL]

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4
Q

formula for single plane ejection fraction

A

(LVIDd^3-LVIDs^3)/LVIDd^3 x 100% =
(EDV-ESV)/EDV x 100% =
SV/EDV x 100%

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5
Q

formula for biplane ejection fraction

A

(∑LVIDd^3-∑LVIDs^3)/∑LVIDd^3 x 100% =

(∑EDV-∑ESV)/∑EDV x 100%

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6
Q

What assumption is being made by equating LVIDd^3=EDV?

A

the ventricle shape is a prolate ellipse

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7
Q

formula for cardiac output

A

SV(L) x HR, [L/min]

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8
Q

formula for stroke volume via Doppler

A

CSA x VTI, [mL]

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9
Q

formula for fractional area change

A

(EDA-ESA)/EDA x 100%

same as EF, just with areas

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10
Q

What does TAPSE stand for?

A

Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion

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11
Q

What does TAPSE measure?

A

DISPLACEMENT of lateral TV annulus

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12
Q

What does TDI stand for?

A

Tissue Doppler Imaging

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13
Q

What does TVI stand for?

A

Tissue Velocity Imaging

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14
Q

Tissue Velocity Imaging, aka

A

Tissue Doppler Imaging

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15
Q

Tissue Doppler Imaging, aka

A

Tissue Velocity Imaging

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16
Q

Where do you place the TDI sample volume for the TV?

A

1 cm inferior/apical of TV lateral annulus

17
Q

What does TDI of the TV measure?

A

VELOCITY of tissue displacement at the lateral annulus

18
Q

What part of the TDI wave is measured to assess systolic function?

A

s’ wave

19
Q

What does Dp/Dt measure?

A

global systolic performance via the rate of rise of systolic pressure on the mitral regurg.

20
Q

How do you do Dp/Dt?

A

CW with colour of MR in A4CH, increase sweep speed to 150-250 cm/s, optimize signal, measure the time it takes for the regurgitant flow to go from 1 m/s to 3 m/s on the acceleration slope

21
Q

formula for Dp/Dt

A

ΔP/Δt x 1000 = 4v^2/Δt x 1000, [mmHg]

22
Q

formula for pressure gradient

A

P1-P2 = 4v^2

23
Q

What does Speckle Tracking measure?

A

measures strain in each wall segment by tracking two 2D speckles within each segment

24
Q

What does Deformation Imaging measure?

A

measures strain in each wall segment by tracking two 2D speckles within each segment

25
Q

Deformation Imaging, aka

A

Speckle Tracking

26
Q

Speckle Tracking, aka

A

Deformation Imaging

27
Q

What is Global Strain?

A

average strain of all wall segments

28
Q

How do you evaluate a heart using the Wall Motion Index?

A

each wall segment gets a score based on the type of motion observed, scores are averaged (summed and divided by # of segments), and the average motion score is correlated to an appropriate EF

29
Q

wall motion scoring system

A
  1. Normal/Hyperkinetic
  2. Hypokinetic
  3. Akinetic
  4. Dyskinetic
  5. Aneurysmal

Echocardiography (11 decks)

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