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Echocardiography > Cardiac Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

how many pulmonary arteries?

A

one, the pulmonary trunk (bifurcates into R/L)

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2
Q

how many pulmonary veins?

A

four

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3
Q

what type of tissue lines the pericardial cavity?

A

elastic connective tissue

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4
Q

which valves are considered systolic valves?

A

semilunar (aortic & pulmonary)

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5
Q

which valves are considered diastolic valves?

A

atrioventricular (mitral & tricuspid)

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6
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer of pericardium

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7
Q

serous pericardium

A

inner layer of pericardium

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8
Q

parietal layer of pericardium

A

lines the walls of the pericardial cavity

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9
Q

two layers of serous pericardium

A

parietal & visceral

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10
Q

visceral layer of pericardium

A

epicardium, lines the outer surface of the heart

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11
Q

Between which layers of pericardium does the pericardial cavity lie?

A

btwn the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium

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12
Q

fossa ovalis

A

closed hole in the interatrial septum, btwn the septum primum & the septum secundum

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13
Q

Name the three cusps of the aortic valve

A

right coronary, left coronary, non-coronary

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14
Q

Name the three cusps of the pulmonic valve

A

anterior, left posterior, right posterior

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15
Q

Name the three leaflets of the triscupid valve

A

anterior, posterior, medial

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16
Q

Name the two leaflets of the mitral valve

A

anterior, posterior

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17
Q

normal finding at the junction of the IVC & right atrium

A

remnant of the eustachian valve

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18
Q

normal finding of a web-like network within the RA

A

Chiari network

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19
Q

area of lowest O2 saturation in the body

A

coronary sinus

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20
Q

valve located between the coronary sinus and the right atrium

A

thebesian valve

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21
Q

longest leaflet on the mitral valve

A

posterior

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22
Q

small nibs on the center of the free edge of each of the AoV cusps

A

nodules of Arantius

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23
Q

nodules of Arantius

A

small nibs on the center of the free edge of each of the AoV cusps

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24
Q

sinuses of Valsalva

A

pocket-like structures above the AoV cusps

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25
Q

fine, hair-like projections on some aortic cusps

A

Lambl’s excrescences

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26
Q

Lambl’s excrescenses

A

fine, hair-like projections on some aortic cusps

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27
Q

most common variant of coronary artery system

A

right dominant

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28
Q

Describe the right dominant coronary artery system

A

RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery

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29
Q

Describe the left dominant coronary artery system

A

left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery

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30
Q

Describe the co-dominant coronary artery system

A

RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery, left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterolateral artery

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31
Q

RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery, left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterolateral artery

A

co-dominant coronary artery system

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32
Q

left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery

A

left dominant coronary artery system

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33
Q

RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery

A

right dominant coronary artery system

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34
Q

aortic isthmus

A

area btwn the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum

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35
Q

coronary artery system found in 85% of the population

A

right dominant

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36
Q

ligamentum arteriosum

A

ligament connecting descending aorta to superior aspect of the pulmonary artery

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37
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

connection btwn the aorta and pulmonary artery during fetal circulation

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38
Q

What fetal structure gives rise to the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

ductus arteriosus

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39
Q

What happens to the fetal ductus arteriosus after birth?

A

becomes the ligamentum arteriosum

40
Q

location of the SA node

A

border of the SVC & RA

41
Q

location of the AV node

A

floor of the RA

42
Q

moderator band

A

thick band of muscle that spans the apex of the RV, arises obliquely from the anterior papillary muscle, contains the right bundle branch

43
Q

infundibulum

A

neck of the RV, as it gives rise to the pulmonary artery, RVOT pathway

44
Q

Which structure does the right coronary cusp of the AoV face?

A

right ventricle

45
Q

Which structure does the left coronary cusp of the AoV face?

A

pulmonary artery

46
Q

Which structure does the non-coronary cusp of the AoV face?

A

interatrial septum

47
Q

coaptation zone

A

area where the leaflet tips overlap slightly when valve is closed

48
Q

papillary muscles found in the LV

A

medial & lateral

49
Q

papillary muscles found in the RV

A

anterior & posterior

50
Q

broadest mitral valve leaflet

A

anterior

51
Q

Which structure does the anterior cusp of the TV face?

A

anterior RV wall

52
Q

Which structure does the posterior cusp of the TV face?

A

posterior RV wall

53
Q

Which structure does the septal cusp of the TV face?

A

interventricular septum

54
Q

Which TV leaflet faces the anterior RV wall?

A

anterior

55
Q

Which TV leaflet faces the posterior RV wall?

A

posterior

56
Q

Which TV leaflet faces the anterior RV wall?

A

septal

57
Q

Which AoV cusp faces the RV?

A

right coronary

58
Q

Which AoV cusp faces the pulmonic artery?

A

left coronary

59
Q

Which AoV cusp faces the interatrial septum?

A

non-coronary

60
Q

fetal structure that gave rise to the fossa ovalis

A

foramen ovale

61
Q

What happens to the foramen ovale at birth?

A

closes over to become the fossa ovalis

62
Q

two segments of the IV septum

A

membraneous & muscular

63
Q

Which chamber of the heart lies furthest to the right?

A

right atrium

64
Q

Which chamber of the heart lies most anterior?

A

right ventricle

65
Q

Which chamber of the heart lies most posterior?

A

left atrium

66
Q

Which chamber of the heart lies furthest to the left?

A

left ventricle

67
Q

Which great vessel lies most anterior?

A

pulmonary artery

68
Q

What structures run within the AV sulcus?

A

circumflex artery, right coronary artery (anteriorly), coronary sinus (posteriorly)

69
Q

What structures run within the IV sulcus?

A

left anterior descending artery, great cardiac vein (anteriorly), posterior descending artery, middle cardiac vein (posteriorly)

70
Q

Chiari network

A

normal finding of a web-like network within the RA

71
Q

thebesian valve

A

valve located between the coronary sinus and the right atrium

72
Q

eustachian valve

A

normal embryonic remnant found at the junction of the IVC & right atrium

73
Q

Lambl’s excrescences

A

fine, hair-like projections on some aortic cusps

74
Q

major branches of the left coronary artery

A

left anterior descending, circumflex artery

75
Q

coronary sinus

A

located in the posterior AV sulcus, drains blood from the cardiac veins into the right atrium

76
Q

What causes the moon-shaped axial appearance of the RV?

A

the IV septum bows away from the LV - 6 times more pressure in the LV than in the RV

77
Q

most common site of a ventricular septal defect

A

membranous septum

78
Q

defect of the IV septum

A

ventricular septal defect

79
Q

superioposterior portion of the IA septum

A

septum secundum

80
Q

inferoanterior portion of the IA septum

A

septum primum

81
Q

location of the septum secundum

A

superioposterior

82
Q

location of the septum primum

A

inferoanterior

83
Q

most common site of an atrial septal defect

A

septum secundum

84
Q

causes striated appearance of cardiac cells

A

intercalated discs

85
Q

part of cardiac cells that contain gap jxns

A

intercalated discs

86
Q

role of intercalated discs in cardiac cells

A

contain gap jxns

87
Q

role of gap jxns in cardiac cells

A

faciliate quick travel of electrical impulses

88
Q

part of cardiac cells that facilitate quick travel of electrical impulses

A

gap jxns

89
Q

cardiac cell type that initiates its own action potentials

A

Autorhythmic/Conduction cells

90
Q

cardiac cell type that requires outside stimulation by an action potentials

A

contractile cells - may self-stimulate, but much slower to do so than autorhythmic cells

91
Q

myofilament, aka

A

sarcomere

92
Q

sarcomere, aka

A

myofilament

93
Q

main components of a sarcomere

A

myosin and actin proteins

94
Q

main components of a myofilament

A

myosin and actin proteins

95
Q

location of SA node

A

superior RA near SVC insertion

96
Q

location of AV node

A

superior to TV, right side of IAS, within AV sulcus

Echocardiography (11 decks)

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