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Echocardiography > Cardiac Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

how many pulmonary arteries?

A

one, the pulmonary trunk (bifurcates into R/L)

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2
Q

how many pulmonary veins?

A

four

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3
Q

what type of tissue lines the pericardial cavity?

A

elastic connective tissue

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4
Q

which valves are considered systolic valves?

A

semilunar (aortic & pulmonary)

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5
Q

which valves are considered diastolic valves?

A

atrioventricular (mitral & tricuspid)

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6
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer of pericardium

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7
Q

serous pericardium

A

inner layer of pericardium

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8
Q

parietal layer of pericardium

A

lines the walls of the pericardial cavity

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9
Q

two layers of serous pericardium

A

parietal & visceral

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10
Q

visceral layer of pericardium

A

epicardium, lines the outer surface of the heart

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11
Q

Between which layers of pericardium does the pericardial cavity lie?

A

btwn the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium

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12
Q

fossa ovalis

A

closed hole in the interatrial septum, btwn the septum primum & the septum secundum

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13
Q

Name the three cusps of the aortic valve

A

right coronary, left coronary, non-coronary

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14
Q

Name the three cusps of the pulmonic valve

A

anterior, left posterior, right posterior

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15
Q

Name the three leaflets of the triscupid valve

A

anterior, posterior, medial

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16
Q

Name the two leaflets of the mitral valve

A

anterior, posterior

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17
Q

normal finding at the junction of the IVC & right atrium

A

remnant of the eustachian valve

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18
Q

normal finding of a web-like network within the RA

A

Chiari network

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19
Q

area of lowest O2 saturation in the body

A

coronary sinus

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20
Q

valve located between the coronary sinus and the right atrium

A

thebesian valve

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21
Q

longest leaflet on the mitral valve

A

posterior

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22
Q

small nibs on the center of the free edge of each of the AoV cusps

A

nodules of Arantius

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23
Q

nodules of Arantius

A

small nibs on the center of the free edge of each of the AoV cusps

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24
Q

sinuses of Valsalva

A

pocket-like structures above the AoV cusps

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25
fine, hair-like projections on some aortic cusps
Lambl's excrescences
26
Lambl's excrescenses
fine, hair-like projections on some aortic cusps
27
most common variant of coronary artery system
right dominant
28
Describe the right dominant coronary artery system
RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery
29
Describe the left dominant coronary artery system
left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery
30
Describe the co-dominant coronary artery system
RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery, left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterolateral artery
31
RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery, left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterolateral artery
co-dominant coronary artery system
32
left circumflex artery gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery
left dominant coronary artery system
33
RCA gives rise to the posterior descending artery and posterolateral artery
right dominant coronary artery system
34
aortic isthmus
area btwn the left subclavian artery and the ligamentum arteriosum
35
coronary artery system found in 85% of the population
right dominant
36
ligamentum arteriosum
ligament connecting descending aorta to superior aspect of the pulmonary artery
37
ductus arteriosus
connection btwn the aorta and pulmonary artery during fetal circulation
38
What fetal structure gives rise to the ligamentum arteriosum?
ductus arteriosus
39
What happens to the fetal ductus arteriosus after birth?
becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
40
location of the SA node
border of the SVC & RA
41
location of the AV node
floor of the RA
42
moderator band
thick band of muscle that spans the apex of the RV, arises obliquely from the anterior papillary muscle, contains the right bundle branch
43
infundibulum
neck of the RV, as it gives rise to the pulmonary artery, RVOT pathway
44
Which structure does the right coronary cusp of the AoV face?
right ventricle
45
Which structure does the left coronary cusp of the AoV face?
pulmonary artery
46
Which structure does the non-coronary cusp of the AoV face?
interatrial septum
47
coaptation zone
area where the leaflet tips overlap slightly when valve is closed
48
papillary muscles found in the LV
medial & lateral
49
papillary muscles found in the RV
anterior & posterior
50
broadest mitral valve leaflet
anterior
51
Which structure does the anterior cusp of the TV face?
anterior RV wall
52
Which structure does the posterior cusp of the TV face?
posterior RV wall
53
Which structure does the septal cusp of the TV face?
interventricular septum
54
Which TV leaflet faces the anterior RV wall?
anterior
55
Which TV leaflet faces the posterior RV wall?
posterior
56
Which TV leaflet faces the anterior RV wall?
septal
57
Which AoV cusp faces the RV?
right coronary
58
Which AoV cusp faces the pulmonic artery?
left coronary
59
Which AoV cusp faces the interatrial septum?
non-coronary
60
fetal structure that gave rise to the fossa ovalis
foramen ovale
61
What happens to the foramen ovale at birth?
closes over to become the fossa ovalis
62
two segments of the IV septum
membraneous & muscular
63
Which chamber of the heart lies furthest to the right?
right atrium
64
Which chamber of the heart lies most anterior?
right ventricle
65
Which chamber of the heart lies most posterior?
left atrium
66
Which chamber of the heart lies furthest to the left?
left ventricle
67
Which great vessel lies most anterior?
pulmonary artery
68
What structures run within the AV sulcus?
circumflex artery, right coronary artery (anteriorly), coronary sinus (posteriorly)
69
What structures run within the IV sulcus?
left anterior descending artery, great cardiac vein (anteriorly), posterior descending artery, middle cardiac vein (posteriorly)
70
Chiari network
normal finding of a web-like network within the RA
71
thebesian valve
valve located between the coronary sinus and the right atrium
72
eustachian valve
normal embryonic remnant found at the junction of the IVC & right atrium
73
Lambl's excrescences
fine, hair-like projections on some aortic cusps
74
major branches of the left coronary artery
left anterior descending, circumflex artery
75
coronary sinus
located in the posterior AV sulcus, drains blood from the cardiac veins into the right atrium
76
What causes the moon-shaped axial appearance of the RV?
the IV septum bows away from the LV - 6 times more pressure in the LV than in the RV
77
most common site of a ventricular septal defect
membranous septum
78
defect of the IV septum
ventricular septal defect
79
superioposterior portion of the IA septum
septum secundum
80
inferoanterior portion of the IA septum
septum primum
81
location of the septum secundum
superioposterior
82
location of the septum primum
inferoanterior
83
most common site of an atrial septal defect
septum secundum
84
causes striated appearance of cardiac cells
intercalated discs
85
part of cardiac cells that contain gap jxns
intercalated discs
86
role of intercalated discs in cardiac cells
contain gap jxns
87
role of gap jxns in cardiac cells
faciliate quick travel of electrical impulses
88
part of cardiac cells that facilitate quick travel of electrical impulses
gap jxns
89
cardiac cell type that initiates its own action potentials
Autorhythmic/Conduction cells
90
cardiac cell type that requires outside stimulation by an action potentials
contractile cells - may self-stimulate, but much slower to do so than autorhythmic cells
91
myofilament, aka
sarcomere
92
sarcomere, aka
myofilament
93
main components of a sarcomere
myosin and actin proteins
94
main components of a myofilament
myosin and actin proteins
95
location of SA node
superior RA near SVC insertion
96
location of AV node
superior to TV, right side of IAS, within AV sulcus

Echocardiography (11 decks)

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