Systems Thinking + Regulations Flashcards
Wicked problems
Difficult or impossible to solve for as many as 4 reasons:
- incomplete or contradictory knowledge
- the number of people or opinions involved
- the large economic burden
- the interconnected nature of these problems with other problems.
They are complex challenges that defy straightforward solutions
Cynefin framework
Decision-making tool that helps organizations/individuals understand + respond to diffferent types of issues.
Complicated - sense analyse respond
Complex - probe sense respond
Chaotic - act sense respond
Simple - sense - categorize respond
Helps in choosing the right approach to tackle different challenges effectively.
What is a system
A complex whole the functioning of which depends on its parts and interactions between those parts
Event orientated thinking
Info about a probles
Action
Result
While this approach seems to initially make sense it can lead to unintended consequences, and usually does not address the initial problem.
Feedback thinking
Feedback loops describe system behavior in which an initial change in a variable causes a chain reaction that ultimately feeds back to create further chang Erin the initial variable.
Casual loop diagram
A visual tool used to understand how different variables in a system are interconnected.
Variables represented by words or phrases are the elements e.g. population, foot etc.
Arrow shows the direction of influence a to b means a affects b
Positive and negative links indicate the type of influence. + means a increases. - means a decreases.
Loops formed when a series of linked variables eventually reconnects to the original variable showing feedback. Reinforcing loop = positive feedback . Balancing loop = negative feedback.
System archetypes
A pattern of behavior of a system.
Laws vs regulations
Laws are the product of written bias which progress through a drafting, reading and amendment process supported by the government.
Regulations are not a section of parliament, but a rule or standard made under a specific act and administered by a specific body such as work safe or the NZ police. Regulations therefore proceed the standard and interpretation how the act of the law will be governed and enforced.
Theory of regulations
Removing or reducing state regulations increasing efficiency and productivity, ehancing competitiveness and lowering prices.
2 major approaches in corporate political participation
Lobbying and corporate spending
Lobbying
A process of influencing public officials including polititions. Lobbyists are paid to communicate with public officials about legislation, regulation, policy etc. any attempt by individuals or private interest groups to influence the decisions of government. Raises a variety of legal concerns. E.g. protests, meeting with legislators, drafting or negotiating the terms of a bill etc.
Corporate political spending
Political action committees who raise and spend money for political candidates and proposed legislation. Corporate political spending should have the best interests of the firm, its shareholders and stakeholders in mind. Political spending should not provide an opportunity for managers to pursue their own agendas or for trade associations to pursue theirs.
Agency issues
When there is a conflict of interest where one party motivated by self interest is expected to act in another’s best interest. Actions of managers are not in the shareholders best interest.
