Globalisation + Sustainability Flashcards
Globalisation
A process in which customers, organizations and governments are increasingly interconnected across national boarders. Moving and exchanging goods and services all over the planet.
Globalisation of markets
The historically distinct and separate national markets are merging into one huge global market place
Globalisation of production
Global sourcing: suppply chain enhancement, reduce costs and exchange rate risk, attract global talent, understand markets and improve products.
Restoring: rebuild capability, shorter supply chains and more resilience, more diversified economy.
Drivers of globalisation
Technology
Transportation: navigation, power sources, containerstations
Information and communication technology: telegraphy, telephone, computer, the internet
Is Globalisation inevitable?
Technology advances are unlikely to stop
Liberalization
The process of relaxation of trade rules and regulations of a country by the government which paves the way for economic growth and development
Neoliberalism
Favoring policies that promote freemarket capitalism, deregulation and reducing in government spending.
Polarization
Division into two sharply distinct opposites
Hyperglobalist perspective
Seeing globalisation as a significant historical process that generates new forms of global economy, politics and culture. Extreme levels of interconnected mess and interrogation among countries and economies on a global scale.
Skeptical perspective
Can not ignore negative consequences + societal implications. Impacts on indigenous cultures. Threats to the worlds cultural diversity. Nations feeling like they are losing control over key decisions. Making the whole world more uniform to fit the western model.
Transformationalist perspective
Recognizes both positives and negative consequences of global intergratin. Acknowledges global integration.
Challanges for multinational corporations
Achieving corporate egitimacy in an unfamiliar society.
Differing philosophies between MNC’s and host countries
In less developed countries (LDC’s) with fewer government regulations, the temptation is to lower or reject standards.
Ethical imperialism
A situation where a code of ethical behaviour or attitude is imposed on another community or society
Cultural relativism
The ability to understand a culture on its won terms and not to make judgements using the standards of ones own culture.
Prioritizes tolerance, understanding and respect for varied cultural traditions, while the ethical imperialist advocated universal standard of ethics and ideals.
International law global codes of conduct
Broad middle ground between cultural relativism and ethical imperialism
To improve global ethics for MNC’s
Create global codes of conduct
Link ethics with global strategy
Suspension of business activities in certain countries
Creat ethical impact statements and audits.
Just remember: tearfunds ethical fashion guide
Social accountability
The extent and capacity of citizens to hold the state and service providers accountable and make them responsive to the neeeds of citizens and beneficiaries.
Anti Globalisation
A globally interconnected network opposing unregulated free market capitalism. Fighting against the increasing power of multinational corporations.
Brundtland definition
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Ecological perspective
Sustainability is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes, functions, biodiversity and productivity into the future - this definition emphasizes the importance of ecological health and biodiversity.
Triple bottom line perspective
Sustainability is the balanced pursuit of economic prosperity, environmental quality and social equity. This is also known as the three pillars of sustainability, or people planet profit highlights the importance of balancing economic, environmental and social goals.
The resilience perspective
Sustainability is the capacity to endure, it is how biological systems remain diverse and productive indefinitely. This definition emphasizes the importance of resilience and adaptability.
The justice perspective
Sustainability is not just about the environment. It’s also about our capacity to create fair and just societies that provide for the basic neeed of all people without depleting or degrading out natural resources. This definition emphasizes social justice and equity.
