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Microbiology > SYSTEMS SECTION FA > Flashcards

SYSTEMS SECTION FA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

normal flora of skin

A

S. epidermidis

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2
Q

normal flora of nose

A

S. epidermidis

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3
Q

colonizes the nose

A

S. aureus

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4
Q

normal flora of oropharynx

A

viridans strep

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5
Q

normal flora of dental plaque

A

S. mutans

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6
Q

normal flora of colon

A

B. fragilis > E. coli

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7
Q

normal flora of vagina

A

Lactobacillus

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8
Q

colonizes the vagina

A

E. coli and GBS

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9
Q

name 2 in which food poisoning starts quickly and ends quickly

A

S. aureus

B. cereus

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10
Q

food poisoning: seafood

A

Vibrio

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11
Q

food poisoning: reheated rice

A

B. cereus

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12
Q

food poisoning: meats, mayo, custard

A

S. aureus

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13
Q

food poisoning: reheated meat dishes

A

C. perfringens

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14
Q

food poisoning: improperly canned

A

C. botulinum

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15
Q

food poisoning: undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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16
Q

food poisoning: poultry, meat, eggs

A

Salmonella

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17
Q

name 3 that can mimic appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica
nontyphoidal Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni

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18
Q

name 7 that cause bloody diarrhea

A 
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Shigella
EHEC
EIEC
Yersinia
Entamoeba
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19
Q

name 4 bacteria, 2 protozoa, and 2 viruses that cause watery diarrhea

A

ETEC
Vibrio cholerae
C. difficile
C. perfringens

Giardia
Cryptosporidium (ICM)

rotavirus
norovirus

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20
Q

name 2 common causes of pneumonia in neonates (<4 weeks)

A

GBS

E. coli

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21
Q

name 5 common causes of pneumonia in children (4wk-18yr)

A

Runts May Cough Chucky Sputum

RSV
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia trachomatis (infants-3yr)
Chlamydia pneumoniae (school-age)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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22
Q

name 3 common causes of pneumonia in adults (18-40yr)

A

Mycoplasma
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae

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23
Q

name 5 common causes of pneumonia in adults (40-65yr)

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
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24
Q

name 5 common causes of pneumonia in elderly

A 
S. pneumoniae
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H. influenzae
Gram-negative rods
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25
Q

name 2 special groups: nosocomial

A 
Staphylococcus
enteric Gr(-) rods
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26
Q

name 5 special groups: immunocompromised

A 
Staphyloccocus
enteric Gr(-) rods
fungi
viruses
Pneumocystis jirovecii (HIV)
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27
Q

name 1 special group: aspiration

A

anaerobes

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28
Q

name 3 special groups: alcoholic/IVDA

A

Strep. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus

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29
Q

name 3 special groups: cystic fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae

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30
Q

name 3 special groups: postviral

A

Staphylococcus
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae

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31
Q

name 3 special groups: atypical

A

Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

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32
Q

name 3 common causes of meningitis in newborn (0-6mo)

A

GBS
E. coli
Listeria

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33
Q

name 4 common causes of meningitis in children (6mo-6yr)

A

S. pneumoniae
N. menigitidis
HiB
Enteroviruses

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34
Q

name 4 common causes of meningitis in people 6-60yr

A

S. pneumoniae
N. menigitidis (#1 in teens)
Enteroviruses
HSV

35
Q

name 3 common causes of meningitis in people 60+

A

S. pneumoniae
Gram(-) rods
Listeria

36
Q

what is the empiric treatment for meningitis?

A

ceftriaxone + vancomycin

+ ampicillin, if Listeria suspected

37
Q

name 5 viral causes of menigitis

A 
enteroviruses (esp coxsackievirus)
HSV2 (HSV1 = encephalitis)
HIV
West Nile virus
VZV
38
Q

name 4 common causes of meningitis in HIV

A

cryptococcus
CMV
toxoplasmosis (brain abscess)
JC virus (PML)

39
Q

osteomyelitis: if no other info available

A

S. aureus

40
Q

osteomyelitis: sexually active

A

N. gonorrhoeae (rare) => septic arthritis more common

41
Q

osteomyelitis: diabetics and IVDA

A

Pseudomonas

Serratia

42
Q

osteomyelitis: sickle cell

A

Salmonella

43
Q

osteomyelitis: prosthetic replacement

A

S. aureus

S. epidermidis

44
Q

osteomyelitis: vertebral disease

A

M. tuberculosis (pott’s disease)

45
Q

osteomyelitis: cat/dog bites/scratches

A

Pasteurella multocida

46
Q

name 4 diagnostic markers for UTI

A

+ leukocyte esterase test: bacterial UTI
+ nitrite test: gram(-) bacterial UTI
+ urease test: proteus, klebsiella, etc
- urease test: E. coli, Enterococcus

47
Q

name 7 causes of UTI

A 
#1 E. coli
#2 S. saprophyticus
#3 Klebsiella
Serratia
Enterobacter
Proteus
Pseudomonas
48
Q

ToRCHeS infections

A 
Toxoplasma gondii
Rubella
CMV
HIV
Herpes simplex virus-2
Syphilis
49
Q

ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of Toxoplasma gondii

A

classic triad:
chorioretinitis
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications

50
Q

ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of Rubella

A 
classic triad:
PDA (or pulmonary artery hypoplasia)
cataracts
deafness
\+/- blueberry muffin rash
51
Q

ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of CMV

A

hearing loss
seizures
petechial rash
blueberry muffin rash

52
Q

ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of HIV

A

recurrent infections

chronic diarrhea

53
Q

ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of HSV2

A

encephalitis

herpetic lesions

54
Q

ToRCHeS: neonatal manifestations of syphilis

A

often results in stillbirth, hydrops fetalis

if survives, presents with facial abnormalities (Hutchinson’s teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN VIII deafness

55
Q

red rashes of childhood: rubella virus

A

Rubella

rash begins at head and moves down => fine truncal rash; postauricular LAD

56
Q

red rashes of childhood: measles virus

A

Measles

rash begins at head and moves down
rash is preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa

57
Q

red rashes of childhood: VZV

A

Chickenpox

vesicular rash begins on trunk => spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age

58
Q

red rashes of childhood: HHV-6

A

Roseola

macular rash over body after several days of high fever

can present with febrile seizures; usually affects infants

59
Q

red rashes of childhood: parvovirus B19

A

Erythema infectiosum

slapped cheek rash on face
can cause hydrops fetalis

60
Q

red rashes of childhood: S. pyogenes

A

Scarlet fever

erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat

61
Q

red rashes of childhood: Coxsackievirus A

A

Hand-foot-mouth disease

vesicular rash on palms and soles
ulcers in oral mucosa

62
Q

clinical features of gonorrhea

A

N. gonorrhoeae

urethritis
cervicitis
PID
prostatitis
epididymitis
arthritis
creamy purulent discharge
63
Q

clinical features of 1* syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

painless chancre

64
Q

clinical features of 2* syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

fever
LAD
skin rashes
condylomata lata

65
Q

clinical features of 3* syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

gummas
tabes dorsalis
general paresis
aortitis
Argyll Robertson pupil
66
Q

clinical features of chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

painful genital ulcer
inguinal adenopathy

67
Q

clinical features of genital herpes

A

HSV2 > HSV1

painful penile/vulvar/cervical vesicles and ulcers

can cause systemic symptoms (h/a, fever, myalgia)

68
Q

clinical features of chlamydia

A

C. trachomatis (D-K)

urethritis
cervicitis
conjunctivitis
Reiter's syndrome
PID
69
Q

clinical features of lymphogranuloma venereum

A

C. trachomatis (L1-L3)

infection of lymphatic
genital ulcers
LAD
rectal strictures

70
Q

clinical features of trichomoniasis

A

T. vaginalis

vaginitis
strawberry cervix
motile in wet prep

71
Q

clinical features of AIDS

A

HIV

opportunistic infections
Kaposi’s sarcoma
lymphoma

72
Q

clinical features of condylomata acuminata

A

HPV 6, 11

genital warts
koilocytes

73
Q

clinical features of hepatitis B

A

HBV

jaundice

74
Q

clinical features of bacterial vaginosis

A

G. vaginalis

noninflammatory, malodorous discharge (fishy)
+ whiff test
clue cells
not exclusively an STD

75
Q

clinical features of PID

A

salpingitis
endometritis
hydrosalpinx
tubo-ovarian abscess

can lead to fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome

76
Q

what is fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome?

A

infection of the liver capsule and “violin string” adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

77
Q

what are 4 risks of salpingitis?

A

ectopic pregnancy
infertility
chronic pelvic pain
adhesions

78
Q

CP: rash that begins on head and moves down with postauricular LAD

A

rubella virus

79
Q

CP: rash that begins on head and moves down; preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and Koplik spots

A

measles virus

80
Q

CP: meningitis with a microbe that colonizes the nasopharynx

A

HiB

81
Q

CP: meningitis that can lead to myalgia and paralysis

A

poliovirus

82
Q

CP: grayish oropharyngeal exudate; painful throat

A

C. diphteriae - pharyngitis

83
Q

CP: fever with dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing due to edematous “cherry red” epiglottis

A

HiB - epiglottitis

Microbiology (9 decks)

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