Systems Review

Question 1

Systems of speech production

Answer 1

neurological
phonation
resonance
articulation
auditory
neurological

Question 2

Neurological dominant for language

Answer 2

left hemisphere, articulation innervation is in frontal lobe, some aspects further refined in cerebellum

Question 3

Respiratory function

Answer 3

brainstem

Question 4

defect of neurological system (nothing happens without it!)

Answer 4

dysarthria
dyspraxia
aphasia
dysphagia
developmental speech or language disorders

Question 5

defect of auditory system (the input system)

Answer 5

difficulty learning speech and language
artic disorders
difficulty with self correction of errors
difficulty processing information

Question 6

fluid in middle ear

Answer 6

corrected by surgery (tubes in ears), more common in children

Question 7

respiration system components (the power supply)

Answer 7

diaphragm
lungs
bronchi
trachea
all associate musculature

Question 8

defects of respiratory system

Answer 8

problems with “power supply” for voice

Question 9

phonatory system (the sound source for voice); what is sound source for speech

Answer 9

larynx

Question 10

phonation characteristics

Answer 10

quality
pitch (high or low)
intensity (volume)
-each of these can be affected by disorders

Question 11

disorders of quality of voice

Answer 11

hoarseness, harshness, breathiness, vocal fry. diplophonia or spasmodic dysphonia also possible

Question 12

pitch is determined by

Answer 12

vocal folds vibrating at fundamental frequency (length and mass of folds, why men have deeper voices)

Question 13

glottis

Answer 13

space between true vocal folds, disappears with adduction

Question 14

intensity is

Answer 14

measured in dB, describes loudness or softness,

Question 15

resonatory system components (sound enhancement)

Answer 15

supraglottal airway, pharynx, mouth, nose, velopharynx changes to increase or decrease oral or nasal resonance

Question 16

acoustic features measured through

Answer 16

nasometry

Question 17

oral and nasal air pressure measured by

Answer 17

rhinometry, aerophone, pneumotachography

Question 18

visual imagery of the velopharynx

Answer 18

nasopharyngoscopy, speech videofluoroscopy, MR imaging

Question 19

disordered resonance

Answer 19

hyper/hypo nasality, cul de sac resonance, nasal emission or turbulence, nasal/facial grimacing

Question 20

articulatory system (shaping sound into meaningful units)

Answer 20

differentiates sounds produced into vowels, dipthongs, consonants

Question 21

articulation components

Answer 21

larynx
velopharynx
hard palate
tongue
teeth
lips
nose

Question 22

articulation can be measured by

Answer 22

standardized articulation and oral metrics. imitation, picture/object naming, sentence production, or conversational formats