Systems Path I - Neuro PPT 2 Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

inflammatory response and the majority of the organisms reside in the CSF

A

leptomeningitis

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2
Q

parenchymal infection that is usually bacterial or fungal

A

cerebritis

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3
Q

parenchymal infection, but the term usually refers to viral infections with necrosis, perivascular lymphocytic cuffing and microglial nodules

A

encephalitis

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4
Q

have many polymorph nuclear leukocytes within a necrotic core surrounded by granulation tissue

A

abscesses

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5
Q

what does TORCH stand for

A
infection of a a developing fetus or newborn 
T - toxoplasmosis
O - other agents
R - rubella (measles)
C - cytomegalovirus 
H - herpes simplex
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6
Q

most common source of meningitis

A

hematogenous - from abscess, heart valve, lung infection

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7
Q

bacterial meningitis causes

A

polymorpho nuclear responses

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8
Q

viral meningitis causes

A

lymphocytic responses

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9
Q

fungi and mycobacterial meningitis causes

A

granulomatous reactions

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10
Q

meningitis that peak incidence is in children (6 months to 5 years) caused by H influenzae

A

bacterial

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11
Q

acute pyogenic meningitis is usually _____ and infiltrates in the walls off arteries and veins

A

bacterial

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12
Q

CSF findings in meningitis

A

high neutrophils
decreased glucose
increased protein

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13
Q

what is the most common bacterial organism causing neonatal meningitis

A

e coli, group B streptococci

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14
Q

chronic basilar meningitis may block CSF flow through the foramina of Magendie and Luschka, leading to hydrocephalus, headache, nausea and vomiting

A

tuberculous meningitis

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15
Q

most common disease of the CNS (mostly of children and young adults)

A

viral meningitis (lymphocytic or aseptic meningitis)

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16
Q

inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord, due to infection by poliovirus

A

poliomyelitis

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17
Q

transmitted to human via saliva by bite, results in difficulty swallowing and a tendency to aspirate fluids that leads to hydrophobia

A

rabies

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18
Q

encephalitis localizes mainly in one or both temporal lobes which become swollen and hemorrhagic and necrotic

A

herpes virus

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19
Q

childhood chicken pox

A

herpes zoster

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20
Q

reactivated herpes zoster

A

shingles

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21
Q

chronic, lethal, viral infection of the brain caused by measles virus; mainly in childhood

A

sub-acute sclerosing-pan-encephalitis

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22
Q

virus responsible for progressive multifocal leukoecencephalopathy

A

JC virus (john cunningham virus)

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23
Q

seen in patients with associated immune suppression or chronic disease (lymphoma, AIDS); presence of giant bizarre astrocytes and oligodendrocyte nuclear inclusion

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

24
Q

rapidly progressive ataxia and dementia, finding of spongiform encephalopathy, included in CJD, long incubation period

A

prion disease

25
patient 50-70 yo, severe dementia, early stage CJD, personality changes, and impaired judgment
prions disease
26
meningo vascular inflammation leading to pachy meningitis and strokes caused by obliterative endarteritis
neurosyphilis
27
neurosyphilis: infiltration of meninges and vessels by lymphocytes and plasma cells leading to thickening of meninges
meningovasculitis
28
neurosyphilis: atrophy, loss of cortical neurons in frontal lobes, proliferation of microglial cells
general paresis
29
neurosyphilis: inflammation lesions involving meninges and vessels in subarachnoid space of dorsal nerve roots
tabes dorsalis (posterior column degneration)
30
seizures occur in roughly 50% of cases
intracerebral abscesses
31
tumors that arise from cells in the arachnoid mater (commonly in foramen magnum in young/middle aged females)
meningioma
32
most common primary brain tumors
astrocytoma
33
type of astrocytoma that is further subdivided based on grade
diffuse astrocytoma
34
WHO grade II
low grade fibrillary astrocytomas
35
WHO grade III
anaplastic astrocytomas
36
WHO grade IV
glioblastoma multiforme (most common primary intracranial malignancy; late middle age group)
37
astrocytoma: arise in children and young adults, occur in cerebellum, cerebello-pontine angle and 3rd ventricle
pilocytic astrocytoma
38
neoplasm presents as a slow growing tumor in the middle age group and typically arises in the cerebral hemispheres
oligodendroglioma
39
FRIED EGG
oligodendroglioma
40
most common neoplasm in childhood, malignant tumor in the cerebellum
medulloblastoma
41
neoplasm that occurs in the 4th ventricle, results in papillary growth that obstruct the flow of CSF and lead to hydrocephalus
ependymoma
42
seen as expanded white matter of the left cerebral hemisphere and thickened corpus callosum and fornices
low grade astrocytoma
43
appearing as necrotic, hemorrhagic, infiltrating mass
glioblastoma
44
tumor of the lateral ventricles, benign
choroid plexus tumors
45
tumor that arises in the 8th nerve root (cerebellopontine angle)
schwannomas
46
cause a fusiform enlargement of the nerve in which they arise
neuro-fibromas
47
affect immunosuppressed individuals such as patients with AIDS
cerebral lymphoma
48
what is the most common site of pilocytic astrocytomas
cerebellum
49
what are the two types of glial neoplasms
oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas
50
what are common primary tumors that metastasize to the brain
lung cancer (MOST), breast, skin, and GI
51
if rosette-like structures are presented in a case, diagnoses is
medulloblastoma
52
15yo with papillary growth extending to the floor of the ventricle
ependymoma
53
uniform cells that have round central nuclei surrounded by a clear space or halo
oligodendroglioma
54
neoplasm that occurs as solitary or multiple tumors of peripheral nerves derived from schwann cells
neurofibroma
55
what deficiency is the primary cause of neural tube defects
folate
56
abnormally high hCG, inhibin - A, and low estriol in fetus can be a sign of
down syndrome