Systems & Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Define Metabolism

A

Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body
- includes catabolism & anabolism

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2
Q

Define Catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

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3
Q

Define Anabolism

A

the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

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4
Q

What are the systems in the body?

A

atom, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

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5
Q

What atoms are essential for maintaining life?

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium & sulphur

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6
Q

Define tissues

A

Groups of cells & the materials surrounding them that work together in order to perform a specific function

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7
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissues ?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
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8
Q

What are the functions of smooth muscle ?

A
  • vascular tone
  • peristalsis
  • pupil dilation/contraction
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9
Q

What is peristalsis ?

A

the movement of food down the digestive tract

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10
Q

Define Organ

A
  • structures composed of 2 or more tissues
  • specific functions & typically have recognisable shapes
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11
Q

Define organ systems

A
  • consists of related organs with a common function
  • example - digestive system which breaks down & absorbs food
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12
Q

What organs are involved in digestive system ?

A

mouth, salivary gland, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gall bladder and pancreas

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13
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A
  • standing erect, facing observer
  • head level with eyes facing forwards
  • upper limbs at sides with palms turned forwards
  • feet flat on the floor, facing forwards
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14
Q

Define Prone Position

A

the body is lying face down

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15
Q

Define Supine Position

A

the body is lying face up

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16
Q

What are the principal regions of the body?

A

Head, neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs

17
Q

Define Superior

A

towards the head, or upper part of the structure

18
Q

Define Inferior

A

away from the head, or the lower part of the structure

19
Q

Define Anterior

A

nearer to, or at the front of the body

20
Q

Define posterior

A

nearer to, or at the back of the body

21
Q

Define medial

A

nearer to the midline

22
Q

define lateral

A

farther from the midline

23
Q

Define intermediate

A

between 2 structures

24
Q

Define Ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body as another structure

25
Define Contralateral
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
26
Define Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk nearer to the origination of a structure
27
Define Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk Farther from the orgination of a structure
28
Define superficial
towards of on the surface of the body
29
Define Deep
away from the surface of the body
30
Describe the Sagittal Plane
Divides into the left and right
31
Describe the Frontal Plane
Divides into anterior and posterior
32
Describe the Transverse Plane
Divides into superior and inferior
33
Describe the Oblique Plane
Passes through at an angle
34
What is a body cavity ?
a space within the body that help protect, separate and support internal organs