Systems & Organisation Flashcards
Define Metabolism
Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body
- includes catabolism & anabolism
Define Catabolism
the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components
Define Anabolism
the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components
What are the systems in the body?
atom, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
What atoms are essential for maintaining life?
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium & sulphur
Define tissues
Groups of cells & the materials surrounding them that work together in order to perform a specific function
What are the 4 basic types of tissues ?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
What are the functions of smooth muscle ?
- vascular tone
- peristalsis
- pupil dilation/contraction
What is peristalsis ?
the movement of food down the digestive tract
Define Organ
- structures composed of 2 or more tissues
- specific functions & typically have recognisable shapes
Define organ systems
- consists of related organs with a common function
- example - digestive system which breaks down & absorbs food
What organs are involved in digestive system ?
mouth, salivary gland, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gall bladder and pancreas
Describe the anatomical position
- standing erect, facing observer
- head level with eyes facing forwards
- upper limbs at sides with palms turned forwards
- feet flat on the floor, facing forwards
Define Prone Position
the body is lying face down
Define Supine Position
the body is lying face up
What are the principal regions of the body?
Head, neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs
Define Superior
towards the head, or upper part of the structure
Define Inferior
away from the head, or the lower part of the structure
Define Anterior
nearer to, or at the front of the body
Define posterior
nearer to, or at the back of the body
Define medial
nearer to the midline
define lateral
farther from the midline
Define intermediate
between 2 structures
Define Ipsilateral
on the same side of the body as another structure
Define Contralateral
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
Define Proximal
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
nearer to the origination of a structure
Define Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
Farther from the orgination of a structure
Define superficial
towards of on the surface of the body
Define Deep
away from the surface of the body
Describe the Sagittal Plane
Divides into the left and right
Describe the Frontal Plane
Divides into anterior and posterior
Describe the Transverse Plane
Divides into superior and inferior
Describe the Oblique Plane
Passes through at an angle
What is a body cavity ?
a space within the body that help protect, separate and support internal organs
