Systems & Organisation

Question 1

Define Metabolism

Answer 1

Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body
- includes catabolism & anabolism

Question 2

Define Catabolism

Answer 2

the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

Question 3

Define Anabolism

Answer 3

the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

Question 4

What are the systems in the body?

Answer 4

atom, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Question 5

What atoms are essential for maintaining life?

Answer 5

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium & sulphur

Question 6

Define tissues

Answer 6

Groups of cells & the materials surrounding them that work together in order to perform a specific function

Question 7

What are the 4 basic types of tissues ?

Answer 7

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscular
4. Nervous

Question 8

What are the functions of smooth muscle ?

Answer 8

• vascular tone
• peristalsis
• pupil dilation/contraction

Question 9

What is peristalsis ?

Answer 9

the movement of food down the digestive tract

Question 10

Define Organ

Answer 10

• structures composed of 2 or more tissues
• specific functions & typically have recognisable shapes

Question 11

Define organ systems

Answer 11

• consists of related organs with a common function
• example - digestive system which breaks down & absorbs food

Question 12

What organs are involved in digestive system ?

Answer 12

mouth, salivary gland, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gall bladder and pancreas

Question 13

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 13

• standing erect, facing observer
• head level with eyes facing forwards
• upper limbs at sides with palms turned forwards
• feet flat on the floor, facing forwards

Question 14

Define Prone Position

Answer 14

the body is lying face down

Question 15

Define Supine Position

Answer 15

the body is lying face up

Question 16

What are the principal regions of the body?

Answer 16

Head, neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs

Question 17

Define Superior

Answer 17

towards the head, or upper part of the structure

Question 18

Define Inferior

Answer 18

away from the head, or the lower part of the structure

Question 19

Define Anterior

Answer 19

nearer to, or at the front of the body

Question 20

Define posterior

Answer 20

nearer to, or at the back of the body

Question 21

Define medial

Answer 21

nearer to the midline

Question 22

define lateral

Answer 22

farther from the midline

Question 23

Define intermediate

Answer 23

between 2 structures

Question 24

Define Ipsilateral

Answer 24

on the same side of the body as another structure

Question 25

Define Contralateral

Answer 25

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

Question 26

Define Proximal

Answer 26

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
nearer to the origination of a structure

Question 27

Define Distal

Answer 27

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
Farther from the orgination of a structure

Question 28

Define superficial

Answer 28

towards of on the surface of the body

Question 29

Define Deep

Answer 29

away from the surface of the body

Question 30

Describe the Sagittal Plane

Answer 30

Divides into the left and right

Question 31

Describe the Frontal Plane

Answer 31

Divides into anterior and posterior

Question 32

Describe the Transverse Plane

Answer 32

Divides into superior and inferior

Question 33

Describe the Oblique Plane

Answer 33

Passes through at an angle

Question 34

What is a body cavity ?

Answer 34

a space within the body that help protect, separate and support internal organs