Systems... living connections

Question 1

Musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move

Question 2

Skeletal system

Answer 2

consists of the bones and joints

Question 3

Skeletal muscle system

Answer 3

voluntary or striated muscle

Question 4

Skeleton

Answer 4

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

Question 5

Bone

Answer 5

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

Question 6

Bone marrow

Answer 6

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

Question 7

Cartilage

Answer 7

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage

Question 8

Calcium

Answer 8

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions

Question 9

Phosphorus

Answer 9

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth

Question 10

Minerals

Answer 10

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

Question 11

Ossification

Answer 11

hardening of bones

Question 12

Brittle

Answer 12

breaks easily into many pieces

Question 13

Joint

Answer 13

region where two bones meet

Question 14

Ligaments

Answer 14

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

Question 15

Synovial fluid

Answer 15

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

Question 16

Pivot joint

Answer 16

joint that allows a twisting movement

Question 17

Hinge joint

Answer 17

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

Question 18

Ball and socket joint

Answer 18

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

Question 19

Immovable joint

Answer 19

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

Question 20

Muscle

Answer 20

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

Question 21

Involuntary muscle

Answer 21

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs

Question 22

Voluntary muscle

Answer 22

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

Question 23

Greenstick fracture

Answer 23

a break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

Question 24

Fracture

Answer 24

a break in a bone

Question 25

Stem cells

Answer 25

undeveloped cells found in blood and bone marrow

Question 26

Osteoperosis

Answer 26

loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

Question 27

Sprains

Answer 27

injury caused by tearing a ligament

Question 28

Arthiritis

Answer 28

a condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

Question 29

Tennis elbow

Answer 29

an injury due to strain or overuse that causes the elbow’s lining to become inflamed and painful

Question 30

Torn hamstrings

Answer 30

a common sporting injury caused by overstretching the hamstring muscle, which joins the pelvis to the knee joint

Question 31

Tendons

Answer 31

tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone