Systems Level Neural Architechture Flashcards
Where is learn three at processes
Cortex and limbic system
Where is look processed
Sensorimotor midbrain
Where is pain processed
Spinal cord eg withdrawal reflex
What is the peripheral nervous system
Everything outside skull and spine
Peripheral nervous system
Interacts with external environment:
Skin, muscles, joints, eyes, ears
Autonomic nervous system
Unconscious, regulates bogus internal environment
Eg internal organs
Dorsal root
Afferent
Affected by the world
Sensory
Central root
Efferent
Having effect on world
Motor
First 3 subdivisions of brain
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Divisions of forebrain and parts they include
Telencephalon- cerebral cortex, Basal ganglia and limbic system
Diencephalon- thalamus, hypothalamus
Divisions of midbrain
Mesencephalon- tegmentum and tectum
Divisions of hindbrain
Metencephalon- pons, cerebellum
Myelencephalon- medulla
Medulla
Myelencephalon
Contains tracts carrying signals between rest of the brain and the body
Caudal part of reticular formation- balance
Functions- sleep/ wake, movement, muscle tone, cardiac/ respiratory, circulatory, excretory reflex
Pons
Means bridge
Relay from cortex and midbrain to cerebellum
Pontine reticular formation- pattern generators such as walking
Cerebellum
As many neutrons as CNS
Corrects synaptic weights to stop motor errors
Thought exclusive for motor coordination
Midbrain- Tectum- function and what it contains
Visual/ spatial and auditory frequency map
Superior colliculus- sensory change, orientation/ defensive movements
Inferior colliculus- auditory
Modbrain- tegmentum- 3 structures it contains
Periaquaductal gray
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra
Function of periaquaductal gray
Defence
Pain
Reproduction
Function of red nucleus
Target of cortex, cerebellum projects to spinal cord
Pre cortical motor control- in arms and legs
Function of substantia nigra
Pars compacta- dopamine cells- basal ganglia- PARKINSONS HAVE LESS OF THIS
Pars reticulata- basal ganglia output
Hypothalamus function- diencephalon
Regulates pituitary gland
Hormonal control
Homeostasis
Thalamus function- diencephalon
Specific nuceli- replan signals to cortical limbic system for all sensations but smell
Non specific nuclei- regulate sleep
Important relays from basal ganglia and cerebellum to cortex
Forebrain cerebral cortex subcortical portions
Basal ganglia
Limbic system
Subcortical structure- basal ganglia
Motor function
Subcortical structure- limbic system
Emotion, memory Amygdala Hippocampus Forbid Consulate gyrus Septum Mammillary body
Amygdala
Almond
Associate sensory stimuli with emotional impact
Mammillary body
Breast shaped
Formation of recollective memory- amnesia
Hippocampus
Sea horse
Long term and spatial memory
Septum
Something that encloses
Defence and aggression
Cingulate gyrus
Limbic cortex
Behaviour outcome link to motivation and autonomic control
Atrophied in schizophrenia
Fornix
C shaped bundle of fibres
Signal from hippocampus to mammillary bodies
Frontal lobe
Precentral gyrus- fine motor control instructions
Primary motor cortex- initiation of voluntary movements, descending pathways
Pre-motor and supplementary motor areas- higher level motor plans and initiation of voluntary movements
Prefrontal cortex- mindful behavioural actions, aware of consequences
Working memory- short term
Involved in executive planning- judge and take emotion into account
Parietal lobe
Post central gyrus- receives sense
Primary somatosensory cortex
Temporal lobe
Primary auditory cortex
Occipital lobe
Dorsal stream- vision for movement
Ventral stream- vision for identification
