Systems (Digestion) Flashcards
What is the overall function?
- Provide nutrients for the body
What organs make up the Digestive System?
- The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
The job of each organ (Mouth)
- The mouth takes in the food
The job of each organ (Esophagus)
- Pushes the food down to the stomach
The job of each organ (Stomach)
- Breaks down food chemically with stomach acid
The job of each organ (Small Intestine)
- Absorbs through the intestines wall to enter the bloodstream
The job of each organ (Large Intestine)
- Absorbs remaining liquid from indigestible food
The job of each organ (Liver)
- Creates bile, which helps break down fats
The job of each organ (Gallbladder)
- Stores bile
The job of each organ (Pancreas)
- Produces insulin
The job of each organ (Anus)
- Gets rid of waste
Chemical vs Mechanical Digestion
- Mechanical: Mechanically breaks stuff down (e.g teeth)
- Chemical: Chemically breaks stuff down (e.g saliva, stomach acid)
Peristalsis (Related to Esophagus)
- The involuntary movement of the esophagus to push stuff down
Macro Molecules (The four kinds)
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acid
Macro Molecules (Carbohydrates)
- Breaks down food into sugars
- Fast, important source of energy (short-term)
- Glucose
Macro Molecules (Lipids)
- Breaks down fat into smaller droplets
- Provides long term energy
- Cholesterol
Macro Molecules (Proteins)
- Helps body repair cells and make new ones
- Amino acids
Macro Molecules (Nucleic Acid)
- Contains genetic information
- Nucleotides
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides (Hint: These are in order)
Monosaccharides - 1 molecule
Disaccharide - 2 molecules
Polysaccharides - Chains of 3 or more molecules
Interstitial fluid ~ Blood fluid (Inorganic vs Organic)
Inorganic: Water, phosphate, hydrogen ions, sodium ions
Organic: carbon bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfer, or nitrogen
Hydrolysis
- Chemical reaction where water breaks down large molecules to small molecules
Enzymes
Breaks down macromolecules into monomers
Enzymes (Carbohydrates)
- Amylase (Made in mouth and pancreas)
- Lipase (Made in the mouth, pancreas, and stomach)
- Protease (Made in pancreas)
- Nucleases (present in the pancreatic juice)
