Systems (Digestion)

Question 1

What is the overall function?

Answer 1

• Provide nutrients for the body

Question 2

What organs make up the Digestive System?

Answer 2

• The mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

Question 3

The job of each organ (Mouth)

Answer 3

• The mouth takes in the food

Question 4

The job of each organ (Esophagus)

Answer 4

• Pushes the food down to the stomach

Question 5

The job of each organ (Stomach)

Answer 5

• Breaks down food chemically with stomach acid

Question 6

The job of each organ (Small Intestine)

Answer 6

• Absorbs through the intestines wall to enter the bloodstream

Question 7

The job of each organ (Large Intestine)

Answer 7

• Absorbs remaining liquid from indigestible food

Question 8

The job of each organ (Liver)

Answer 8

• Creates bile, which helps break down fats

Question 9

The job of each organ (Gallbladder)

Answer 9

• Stores bile

Question 10

The job of each organ (Pancreas)

Answer 10

• Produces insulin

Question 11

The job of each organ (Anus)

Answer 11

• Gets rid of waste

Question 12

Chemical vs Mechanical Digestion

Answer 12

• Mechanical: Mechanically breaks stuff down (e.g teeth)
• Chemical: Chemically breaks stuff down (e.g saliva, stomach acid)

Question 13

Peristalsis (Related to Esophagus)

Answer 13

• The involuntary movement of the esophagus to push stuff down

Question 14

Macro Molecules (The four kinds)

Answer 14

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acid

Question 15

Macro Molecules (Carbohydrates)

Answer 15

• Breaks down food into sugars
• Fast, important source of energy (short-term)
• Glucose

Question 16

Macro Molecules (Lipids)

Answer 16

• Breaks down fat into smaller droplets
• Provides long term energy
• Cholesterol

Question 17

Macro Molecules (Proteins)

Answer 17

• Helps body repair cells and make new ones
• Amino acids

Question 18

Macro Molecules (Nucleic Acid)

Answer 18

• Contains genetic information
• Nucleotides

Question 19

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides (Hint: These are in order)

Answer 19

Monosaccharides - 1 molecule

Disaccharide - 2 molecules

Polysaccharides - Chains of 3 or more molecules

Question 20

Interstitial fluid ~ Blood fluid (Inorganic vs Organic)

Answer 20

Inorganic: Water, phosphate, hydrogen ions, sodium ions

Organic: carbon bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfer, or nitrogen

Question 21

Hydrolysis

Answer 21

• Chemical reaction where water breaks down large molecules to small molecules

Question 22

Enzymes

Answer 22

Breaks down macromolecules into monomers

Question 23

Enzymes (Carbohydrates)

Answer 23

• Amylase (Made in mouth and pancreas)
• Lipase (Made in the mouth, pancreas, and stomach)
• Protease (Made in pancreas)
• Nucleases (present in the pancreatic juice)