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Science > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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2
Q

Leucocytes

A

White blood cells

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3
Q

Plasma

A

the yellowish, liquid part of blood that contains water, minerals, food and wastes from cells

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4
Q

Red blood cells

A

living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body

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5
Q

Haemoglobin

A

the red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen

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6
Q

Blood

A

the red liquid that circulates around the body. It is made up of plasma, blood cells and platelets.

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7
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

haemoglobin with oxygen molecules attached

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8
Q

White blood cells

A

living cells that fight bacteria and viruses as part of the human body’s immune system

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9
Q

Platelets

A

small bodies involved in blood clotting. They are responsible for healing by clumping together around a wound.

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10
Q

Circulatory systems

A

the body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, the blood vessels and blood.

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11
Q

Arteries

A

hollow tubes (vessels) with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other body parts

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12
Q

Veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They have valves and thinner walls than arteries.

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13
Q

Capillaires

A

minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries.

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14
Q

Oxygen

A

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

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15
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

describes blood from which some oxygen has been removed

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16
Q

Vena Cava

A

large vein leading into the top right chamber of the heart

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17
Q

Left atrium

A

upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart

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18
Q

Right Atrium

A

upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters

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19
Q

Left ventricle

A

lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

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20
Q

Right ventricle

A

lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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21
Q

Valves

A

flap-like folds in the lining of a blood vessel or other hollow organ that allow a liquid, such as blood, to flow in one direction only

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22
Q

Lub dub

A

the sound made by the heart valves as they close

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23
Q

Blood pressure

A

measures how strongly the blood is pumped through the body’s main arteries

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24
Q

Systolic pressure

A

the higher blood pressure reading during contraction of the heart muscles

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25
Q

Dialostic pressure

A

the lower blood pressure reading during relaxation of the heart muscles

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26
Q

Heart beat

A

contraction of the heart muscle occurring about 60–100 times per minute

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27
Q

Pulse

A

alternating contraction and expansion of arteries due to the pumping of blood by the heart

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28
Q

Pace maker

A

electronic device inserted in the chest to keep the heart beating regularly at the correct rate. It works by stimulating the heart with tiny electrical impulses.

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29
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

special kind of muscle in the heart that never tires. It is involved in pumping blood through the heart.

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30
Q

Cellular respiration

A

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

31
Q

Glucose

A

a simple sugar with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆

32
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.

33
Q

Epiglottis

A

leaf-like flap of cartilage behind the tongue that closes the air passage during swallowing

34
Q

Respiratory system

A

the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

35
Q

Trachea

A

narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

36
Q

Lungs

A

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

37
Q

Bronchi

A

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchus.

38
Q

Alveoli

A

tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

39
Q

Bronchoiles

A

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchus.

40
Q

Diaphragm

A

flexible, dome-shaped, muscular layer separating the chest and the abdomen. It is involved in breathing.

41
Q

Vital capacity

A

the largest volume of air that can be breathed in or out at one time

42
Q

Breathing

A

movement of muscles in the chest causing air to enter the lungs and the altered air in the lungs to leave. The air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the air leaving the lungs.

43
Q

Excretion

A

removal of wastes from the body

44
Q

Nephrons

A

the filtration and excretory units of the kidney

45
Q

Ureters

A

tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder

46
Q

Urination

A

passing of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

47
Q

Urethra

A

tube through which urine is emptied from the bladder to the outside of the body

48
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

a cup-like structure at one end of a nephron within the kidney, surrounding the glomerulus. It serves as a filter to remove wastes and excess water.

49
Q

Glomerulus

A

cluster of capillaries in the kidney that acts as a filter to remove wastes and excess water

50
Q

Haemodialysis

A

the process of passing blood through a machine to remove wastes

51
Q

Muscoskeletal system

A

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

52
Q

Skeletal muscular system

A

voluntary or striated muscle

53
Q

Bone marrow

A

: a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

54
Q

Cartilage

A

waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.

55
Q

Calcium

A

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.

56
Q

Phosphorus

A

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth.

57
Q

Ossification

A

hardening of bones

58
Q

Ligament

A

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

59
Q

Synovial fluid

A

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

60
Q

Pivot joint

A

joint that allows a twisting movement

61
Q

Hinge joints

A

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

62
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

63
Q

Immovable joints

A

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

64
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.

65
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

66
Q

Tendons

A

tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone

67
Q

Green stick fracture

A

a break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

68
Q

Stem cells

A

undeveloped cells found in blood and bone marrow

69
Q

Osteoporosis

A

loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

70
Q

Sprain

A

injury caused by tearing a ligament

71
Q

Arthritis

A

a condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

72
Q

Tennis elbow

A

an injury due to strain or overuse that causes the elbow’s lining to become inflamed and painful

73
Q

Torn hamstrings

A

a common sporting injury caused by overstretching the hamstring muscle, which joins the pelvis to the knee joint

74
Q

Cellular respiration formula

A

C6H12O6+O2→CO2+H2O+energy

Science (6 decks)

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