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Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Producers

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

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2
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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3
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

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4
Q

Fat

A

an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

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5
Q

Motabilism

A

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

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6
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Phosphate

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7
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

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8
Q

Cytosol

A

the fluid found inside cells

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9
Q

Glycolysis

A

process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released

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10
Q

Krebs cycle

A

part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced

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11
Q

Electron transport chain reactions:

A

part of the aerobic respiration process

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

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13
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

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14
Q

Lactic acid

A

an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate

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15
Q

Ethanol

A

an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol

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16
Q

Organism

A

living thing

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17
Q

Species

A

group of living organisms capable of int

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18
Q

Species

A

A group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

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19
Q

Population

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

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20
Q

Community

A

more than one population living in the same area at a particular time

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21
Q

Ecosystems

A

communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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22
Q

Ecology/ecologists

A

the study of ecosystems

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23
Q

Producers (autotroph)

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

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24
Q

Decomposers

A

organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

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25
Q

Photo synthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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26
Q

Omnivores

A

animal that eats plants and other animals

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27
Q

Detritivores

A

animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

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28
Q

Ecological Niche

A

the position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

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29
Q

Competition

A

the struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

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30
Q

Parasitism

A

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

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31
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

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32
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

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33
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competition between organisms of the same species

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34
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

competition between organisms of different species

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35
Q

Predator prey relationship

A

relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

36
Q

Symbiotic relationships

A

very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners.

37
Q

Iodine

A

A liquid that stains starch a blueish black

38
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate is considered to be the energy currency of life. It is used to do almost everything that we do on a daily basis.

39
Q

How many ATP molecules are made from glucose? Aerobic and anaerobic?

A

Ask sir,,,, check emails!!!

40
Q

Define the difference between abiotic and biotic

A

Biotic= living or dead

Abiotic= Non-living

41
Q

Give examples of biotic

A

Frogs, grass, lion, lily pads, worms, bob cat

42
Q

Give examples of Abiotic

A

Water, Oxygen, rocks, (excluding coal and limestone), nitrogen, carbon dioxide, dirt, light, lava

43
Q

Describe the ecosystem chain

A

Organism -> species/population -> communities -> Ecosystems

44
Q

Another word for producer

A

Autotroph

Way to remember: auto=automatic food

45
Q

Another word for consumer

A

Heterotroph

Way to remember= hetero = heterosexual= other [eats others] e.g. Plants

46
Q

Herbivores

A

an animal that feeds on plants. E.g Like a vegan person

47
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism (including plants) that eat mainly or entirely animal tissue and meat. E.g. Meat lovers pizza

48
Q

What are First order consumers

A

First Order Consumers are animals that eat plants. They are the first step in the food chain. E.g. Cows, rabbits

(Peasants)

49
Q

Second order consumer

A

Second-order Consumer - the organism that eats or derives nutrients from the first-order consumer. E.g. Wolves, hyenas

(Nobles and lords)

50
Q

Tertiary consumers (third)

A

The organisms that prey on the second consumers e.g. Lions, Crocodile, whale. They are at the top of the food chain.

(King, emperor)

51
Q

Explain the order of consumers

A

Producer / autotroph: a plant that feeds itself via photo synthesis. E.g. Sea algae

1st: herbivores (heterotroph) that feed of the producer. E.g. Clown fish
2nd: carnivores (heterotroph) that feed of the 1st consumer e.g. Shark
3rd: carnivores (heterotroph) that feed of the 2nd consumer e.g whale

Recap: algae> clown fish> shark> whale

52
Q

Explain a symplified version of order of consumers

A

Grass> rabbit> snake> eagle

53
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

Endosymbiosis is one species living inside another one.

Example: Protozoans that live inside termites and help them digest wood.

54
Q

Ectosymbiosis:

A

Ectosymbiosis is one species living on the surface of the other species.

Example: Lice that feed on the skin, blood, or oil secretions of the host.

55
Q

Chemosynthetic organisms

A

Potatoes ??? They don’t need sunlight and things like carbon to oxidise into methane are their energy ASK SIR!

56
Q

Bacteria

A

Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic micro-organisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes.

57
Q

Funghi

A

A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes micro-organisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

58
Q

Organism

A

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

59
Q

Consumer

A

A heterotrophic organism that feeds on other organisms in a food chain. Lions, hyenas, giraffe (can be herbivores)

60
Q

Decomposer

A

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition. E.g. Bacteria, funghi, snails, some insects

61
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

62
Q

Food chain

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

63
Q

Food web

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

64
Q

Trophies level

A

A level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

65
Q

How much chemical energy is passed on from eating an organism?

A

About 10 percent

66
Q

Energy pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

67
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

68
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

69
Q

Immigration

A

The number of individuals moving into a new area

70
Q

Emigration

A

the number of individuals leaving an area

71
Q

Exponetial growth

A

rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

72
Q

Sigmoid

A

The shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

73
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

74
Q

Zero population

A

the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out

75
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

76
Q

Tundra

A

Extremely cold climate, Low biotic diversity, Simple vegetation structure, Limitation of drainage, Short season of growth and reproduction, Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material, Large population oscillations

77
Q

Animals in a tundra

A

Albatross, seal, royal penguin,

78
Q

Plants in tundra

A

Shrubland, tussock grassland

79
Q

Types of hybrid organisms

A

Wholphin, Liger, mule, cama

80
Q

Decomposers

A

Funghi like mushrooms. Feed of dead. Some bacteria

81
Q

Detrivore

A

Things that eat animal waste e.g. Dung beetles and poo

82
Q

Epicormic bud

A

The seed in which a plant can regrow after a fire

83
Q

Lignotuber

A

a rounded woody growth at or below ground level on some shrubs and trees that grow in areas subject to fire or drought, containing a mass of buds and food reserves. It holds the epicormic bud

84
Q

What are plants made up of

A

Eukaryotic cells

85
Q

What is overcropping

A

When a species is being formed by humans quicker than it can reproduce

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