Systems

Question 1

What are the prions diseases?

Answer 1

They are caused by the conversion of a normal (predominantly Alfa helical) protein termed prion protein (PrP c) to beta pleated form (PrPsc) which is transmissible via CNS related tissue. Prion resistes protease degradation and facilities the conversion of still more PrPc to PrPsc

Question 2

Describe some characteristic of supongiform encephalopathy

Answer 2

Priones are resistant to standar sterilizing procedures including standar autoclaving. Dementia, ataxia, startle myoclonus and death

Question 3

Characteristics of creutzfeldt jakob disease

Answer 3

Rapidly progressive dementia, typically sporadic (some familial forms)

Question 4

What is rhe other name of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Answer 4

Also calle mad cow disease

Question 5

It’s a acquired prion disease note in tribal populations practicing human cannibalism

Answer 5

Kuru

Question 6

Typical organism of microbiota of skin, nose, oropharynx, dental plaque, colon and vagina

Answer 6

S epidermidis, S epidermidis; colonized by S aureus.
Viridans group streptococci, S mutans (dental plaque) Beta fragilis mayor que E. coli in colon and lactobacillus colonized by E. coli and group B strep

Question 7

Name the usually source of infection of B cereus, C botulinum, C perfringens, E. coli O157:H7, L monocytogenes, salmonella, S aureus, V parahemolyticus and V vulnificus

Answer 7

B cereus reheated rice, c botulinum improperly canned foods (toxins) raw honey (spores). C perfringens reheated meat, E. coli O157:H7 undercooked meat. L monocytogenes Deli meats soft cheeses, salmonella poultry meat and eggs, S aureus meats mayonnaise custard preformed toxin. V parahemolyticus and V vulnificus raw undercooked seafood

Question 8

What are the bugs causing diarrhea, bloody diarrhea

Answer 8

Campylobacter, E histolytica. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, salmonella (non typhoidal) shigella y enterocolitica.

Question 9

What are the bugs causing watery diarrhea

Answer 9

C. difficile, C perfringens, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Protozoa, V cholerae, viruses.

Question 10

What is the main microorganism of travelers diarrhea

Answer 10

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Question 11

Where is used to find v cholerae infection

Answer 11

Infected seafood

Question 12

What are the viruses that are the most common cause of diarrhea

Answer 12

Norovirus (most common cause in developed countries) rotavirus (decreased incidence in developed countries due to vaccination) enteric edenovirus

Question 13

Pathogens cause of diarrhea in neonates (less of 4 weeks)

Answer 13

Group B streptococci, E. coli

Question 14

Common causes of pneumoniae in children 4 wk to 18 years

Answer 14

RSV, mycoplasma, C trachomatis (infants 3 yr) Clamydhia pneumoniae (school aged children) S pneumoniae

Question 15

Common cause of pneumoniae on adults 18-40 years

Answer 15

Mycoplasma. Cpneumoniae, S pneumoniae, viruses (influenza)

Question 16

Common causes of pneumoniae in adults between 40-65 years

Answer 16

S pneumoniae, H influenzae, anaerobes, viruses, mycoplasma.

Question 17

Common causes of pneumonia in adults more than 65 years

Answer 17

S pneumoniae, influenza virus, anaerobes, H influenzae, gram negative Rods

Question 18

Common causes of pneumoniae in alcohol overuse

Answer 18

Klebsiella anaerobes usually due to aspiration eg. Peptostreptococcus fusobacterium prevotella, bacteroides.