Parasitology Flashcards
How is the symptoms of giardia lamblia
Bloating, flatulence, foul smelling, no bloody fatty diarrhea often seen in campers hikers
How is the transmission, diagnosis and treatment of giardia lamblia
Cysts in water, multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool, antigen detection, PCR. Tibidazol, nitazoxanide or metronidazole
How is the disease as of entamoeba hystolytica
Amebiasis, bloody diarrhea (dysentery) liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate l) RUQ pain; histology of colon biopsy shows flask shaped ulcers
How is the transmission and diagnosis of amebiasis
Cysts in water. Serology, antigen testing, PCR , and or trophozoites (with engulfed RBCs in the cytoplasm or cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool
What is the treatment of amebiasis
Metronidazole, paramomycin for asymptomatic cyst passers
Cause severe diarrhea in AIDS and mild disease (watery diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts. Their Oocysts in water
Cryptosporidium
Diagnosis of cryptosporidium and treatment
Oocysts on acid fast stain, antigen detection and PCR. Prevention (by filtering city water supplies); nitazoxanide in immunocompromised hosts
How is the three main diseases presentation that has toxoplasma gondii
Immunocompetent: munonucleosis like symptoms with negative heterophile antibody test. Reactivation in AIDS causes brain abscesses usually seen as multiple ring enhancing lesions on MRI. And congenital toxoplasmosis
What is the classic triad in congenital toxoplasmosis
Chrorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications
How is the transmission and diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii
Cysts in meat (most common) Oocysts in cat feces; crosses placenta (pregnant patients should avoid cats ). Diagnose: serology, biopsy (tachyzoite); PCR of amniotic fluid for possible intrauterine disease.
Treatment sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine. Prophylaxis with TMP-SMX when CD4 cell count less 100 cells/mm3
Toxoplasma gondii treatment and prophylaxis
Cause rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis. Is acquired swimming in warm freshwater; enters CNS through olfactory nerve via cribiform plate
Naegleria fowleri
How is the diagnose of naegleria fowleri and treatment
Amoebas in CSF. Amphotericin B has been effective for a few survivors
Cause of African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma Brucei
Trypanosoma brucei transmission and diagnose
Tsetse fly a painful bite. Trypomastigote in blood smear
Describe the African sleeping sickness
Enlarges lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigenic variation), somnolence, coma
What is the treatment of African sleeping sickness
Suramin for blood borne diseases
Melarsoprol for CNS penetration
Cause cyclic fevers, headache, anemia, splenomegaly; hypoglycemia in severe disease
Plasmodium
How is transmitted and how is the treatment
Anopheles mosquito. If sensitive chloroquine. If resistant mefloquine, doxycycline or atovaquone/proguanil. If life threatening use intravenous quinine or artesunate (test for G6PD deficiency )
How is disease and diagnosis of P malariae
72 h fever cycle (quartan). Blood smear with trophozoite ring within RBC
p. Vivax and Ovale disease, diagnosis and treatment
48 h fever cycle (tertian); dormant form (hypnozoite) in liver. Blood smear with trophozoites and schuffner stippling (small red granules) within RBC cytoplasm. Add primaquine to target hypnozoites
P falciparum disease and diagnosis
Severe, irregular fever pattern; parasitized RBC may occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria) kidneys lungs. Blood smear with trophozoite ring (headphone shaped) within RBC, crescent shaped gametocytes
Fever and hemolytic anemia; predominantly in northeastern and north central unites states; asplenia increase risk of severe disease due to inability to clear infected RBC
Babesia
How is the transmission of babesia and diagnose
Ixodes tick (also vector for borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma spp). Blood smear ring form and maltese cross; PCR
Treatment of babesia
Atovaquone and azithromycin
Describes the chagas disease.
Dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy, megacolon, megaesophagus, predominantly in South America. Unilateral periorbital swelling (Romaña sign) characteristics of acute stage
What organism cause chagas disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
Describe transmission of trypanosoma cruzi
Triatomine insect (kissing bugs) bites and defecates around the mouth or eyes, fecal transmission into bite site or mucosa
How is diagnose and treatment of trypanosoma cruzi
Trypomastigote in blood smear. Benznidazole or nifurtimox
Describe visceral leishmaniasis and it other name
Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly pancytopenia. Kala azar
How is manifested cutaneous leiahmaniasis.
Skin ulcers
What is the organism that cause leishmania, visceral and cutaneous
Leishmania spp
What is the transmission media of leishmania
Sandfly
How is made diagnosis of leishmania and how is it treatment
Macrophages containing amastigotes amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate
Name the sexually transmitted infections by Protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis