Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

How is the symptoms of giardia lamblia

A

Bloating, flatulence, foul smelling, no bloody fatty diarrhea often seen in campers hikers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the transmission, diagnosis and treatment of giardia lamblia

A

Cysts in water, multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool, antigen detection, PCR. Tibidazol, nitazoxanide or metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the disease as of entamoeba hystolytica

A

Amebiasis, bloody diarrhea (dysentery) liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate l) RUQ pain; histology of colon biopsy shows flask shaped ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the transmission and diagnosis of amebiasis

A

Cysts in water. Serology, antigen testing, PCR , and or trophozoites (with engulfed RBCs in the cytoplasm or cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment of amebiasis

A

Metronidazole, paramomycin for asymptomatic cyst passers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cause severe diarrhea in AIDS and mild disease (watery diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts. Their Oocysts in water

A

Cryptosporidium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis of cryptosporidium and treatment

A

Oocysts on acid fast stain, antigen detection and PCR. Prevention (by filtering city water supplies); nitazoxanide in immunocompromised hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the three main diseases presentation that has toxoplasma gondii

A

Immunocompetent: munonucleosis like symptoms with negative heterophile antibody test. Reactivation in AIDS causes brain abscesses usually seen as multiple ring enhancing lesions on MRI. And congenital toxoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the classic triad in congenital toxoplasmosis

A

Chrorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the transmission and diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii

A

Cysts in meat (most common) Oocysts in cat feces; crosses placenta (pregnant patients should avoid cats ). Diagnose: serology, biopsy (tachyzoite); PCR of amniotic fluid for possible intrauterine disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine. Prophylaxis with TMP-SMX when CD4 cell count less 100 cells/mm3

A

Toxoplasma gondii treatment and prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cause rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis. Is acquired swimming in warm freshwater; enters CNS through olfactory nerve via cribiform plate

A

Naegleria fowleri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is the diagnose of naegleria fowleri and treatment

A

Amoebas in CSF. Amphotericin B has been effective for a few survivors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cause of African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma Brucei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Trypanosoma brucei transmission and diagnose

A

Tsetse fly a painful bite. Trypomastigote in blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the African sleeping sickness

A

Enlarges lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigenic variation), somnolence, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment of African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin for blood borne diseases
Melarsoprol for CNS penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cause cyclic fevers, headache, anemia, splenomegaly; hypoglycemia in severe disease

A

Plasmodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is transmitted and how is the treatment

A

Anopheles mosquito. If sensitive chloroquine. If resistant mefloquine, doxycycline or atovaquone/proguanil. If life threatening use intravenous quinine or artesunate (test for G6PD deficiency )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is disease and diagnosis of P malariae

A

72 h fever cycle (quartan). Blood smear with trophozoite ring within RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

p. Vivax and Ovale disease, diagnosis and treatment

A

48 h fever cycle (tertian); dormant form (hypnozoite) in liver. Blood smear with trophozoites and schuffner stippling (small red granules) within RBC cytoplasm. Add primaquine to target hypnozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

P falciparum disease and diagnosis

A

Severe, irregular fever pattern; parasitized RBC may occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria) kidneys lungs. Blood smear with trophozoite ring (headphone shaped) within RBC, crescent shaped gametocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fever and hemolytic anemia; predominantly in northeastern and north central unites states; asplenia increase risk of severe disease due to inability to clear infected RBC

A

Babesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is the transmission of babesia and diagnose

A

Ixodes tick (also vector for borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma spp). Blood smear ring form and maltese cross; PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Treatment of babesia
Atovaquone and azithromycin
26
Describes the chagas disease.
Dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy, megacolon, megaesophagus, predominantly in South America. Unilateral periorbital swelling (Romaña sign) characteristics of acute stage
27
What organism cause chagas disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
28
Describe transmission of trypanosoma cruzi
Triatomine insect (kissing bugs) bites and defecates around the mouth or eyes, fecal transmission into bite site or mucosa
29
How is diagnose and treatment of trypanosoma cruzi
Trypomastigote in blood smear. Benznidazole or nifurtimox
30
Describe visceral leishmaniasis and it other name
Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly pancytopenia. Kala azar
31
How is manifested cutaneous leiahmaniasis.
Skin ulcers
32
What is the organism that cause leishmania, visceral and cutaneous
Leishmania spp
33
What is the transmission media of leishmania
Sandfly
34
How is made diagnosis of leishmania and how is it treatment
Macrophages containing amastigotes amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate
35
Name the sexually transmitted infections by Protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis
36
Describe vaginitis by trichomonas vaginalis and why it’s only transmitted sexual via
Foul smelling, greenish discharge; itching and burning. Sexual ( cannot exist outside it cannot form cyst)
37
Describe how is made diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis
Trophozoites (motile) on wet mount; punctate cervical hemorrhages (strawberry cervix).
38
Treatment of trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole for patient and partner (s) (prophylaxis, check for STI)
39
What are the nematodes which take the ingested rout to cause infection
Ingested: enterobious, ascaris, toxacara, trichinella, trichuris.
40
What are the nematodes which infect by cutaneous route
Strongyloides, ancylostoma, necator
41
What are the nematodes which infect by bite
Loa loa, onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti
42
Ingested nematodes are (you’ll get sick if you EATTT these)
Enterobious, Ascaris, Toxacara, Trichinella, Trichuris
43
Nematodes which infect by cutaneous route “these get into your feet from the SANd”
Strongyloides, ancylostoma, necator
44
Nematode which infect by bite route “lay LOW to avoid getting bitten)
Loa loa onchocerca volvulus wuchereria bancrofti
45
What are the six intestinal roundworms
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworn) Strongyloides stercolaris (threadworm), Ancylostoma spp Necator americanus (hookworms), trichinella spiralis, trichirus trichiura (whipworm)
46
How is the disease , transmission, treatment of enterobius vermicularis
Causes anal pruritus, worse at night. Fecal oral. Bendazoles, pyrantel pamoate.
47
How is the disease of ascaris limbricoides, it transmission and treatment
May cause obstruction at ileocecal valve, biliary obstruction, intestinal perforation, migrates from nose/mouth. Migration of larvae to alveoli cause loeffler syndrome (pulmonary eosinophilia)
48
What is loeffler syndrome
Pulmonary eosinophilia by migration of large to alveoli
49
Describe the transmission and treatment of ascaris lumbricoides
fecal oral, knobby coated, oval eggs seen in feces under microscope. Treatment bendazoles
50
Describe the disease of Strongyloides stercolaris
GI: duodenitis, pulmonary (dry cough hemoptysis) and cutaneous (pruritus) symptoms. Hyper infection syndrome can be caused by accelerated auto infection in the immunocompromised
51
How is transmission and treatment of strongyloides stercolaris
Larvae in soil penetrate skin; rhabditiform larvae seen in feces under microscope. Ivermectin or bendazoles
52
How is the disease caused by ancylostoma spp. Necator americanus
Cause microcytic anemia by sucking blood from intestinal wall. Cutaneous larva migraña (pruritic serpinginous rash)
53
How is transmission and treatment of ancylostoma spp (necator americanus)
Larvae penetrate skin from walking barefoot on contaminated beach/soil. Treatment bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
54
How is disease, transmission and treatment of trichinella spiralis
Larvae enter bloodstream, encyst in striated muscle causes myositis. Trichinosis is fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia. Transmission by undercooked meat (specially pork); fecal oral (less likely). Bendazoles
55
How is the disease, transmission and treatment of trichuris trichuria
Often asymptomatic; loose stools, anemia, rectal prolapse in children. Transmission fecal oral, treatment bendazoles
56
Name the tissue nematodes (roundworms)
Toxacara canis, onchocerca volvulus, loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti brugia malayi
57
How is the disease, transmission and treatment of toxacara canis
Visceral larva migrans: migration into blood cause inflammation of liver, eyes (visual impairment), CNS (seizures, coma) heart (myocarditis). Patients often asymptomatic. Fecal oral and bendazoles
58
How is the disease of conocer a volvulus, it transmission and treatment
Black skin modules, river blindness. Female black fly. Treatment ivermectin
59
How is the disease, transmission and treatment of loa loa
Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva. Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly. Treatment: Diethylcarbamazine.
60
What is the disease of wuchereria brancrofti, brugia malayi
Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)- worms invade lymph nodes cause inflammation lymphedema. The symptoms onset 9 months to 1 year
61
How is transmission and treatment of wuchereria brancofti Brugia malayi
Female mosquito and diethylcarbamazine
62
Name the tapeworms cestodes
Taenia solium, diphyllobothrium latum, echinococcus granulosus
63
How is disease, transmission and treatment of taenia solium
Intestinal tapeworm, cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis, cystic CNS lesions seizures). Transmission: ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork for intestinal tapeworm and ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with human feces for cysticercosis. treatment is praziquantel to intestinal and praziquantel, albendazole for neurocysticercosis
64
How is disease, transmission and treatment of diphyllobothrium Latum
Histamine B12 defiende (competes for B12 in intestine) conducts to megaloblastic anemia. Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish. Treatment is praziquantel, Niclosamide
65
Describe diseases, transmission and treatment of echinococcus
Hydatid cysts (eggshell calcification) most commonly in liver and lungs; cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis. Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog feces. Sheep are an intermediate host. Albendazol; surgery for complicated cysts
66
What are the trematodes
Schistosoma, clonorchis sinensis
67
How is the diseases of schistosoma
Liver and spleen enlargement, fibrosis, inflammation, portal hypertension. S mansoni and S japonicum can both also cause intestinal schistosomiasis; presenting with diarrhea, abdominal pain, iron deficiency anemia. Chronic infection with S haematobium (egg with terminal spine) can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder and pulmonary hypertension
68
What is the name is schistosome that can cause squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (painless hematuria) and pulmonary hypertension
S haematobium
69
How is the transmission and treatment of schistosoma
Snails are intermediate host; cercariae penetrate skin of humans in contact with contaminated water (eg swimming or bath). Treatment is praziquantel
70
How is the disease, transmission and treatment of clonorchis sinensis
Biliary tract inflammation causes pigmented gallstones associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Transmission by undercooked fish. Treatment of clonorchis sinensis is praziquantel
71
Name the ectoparasites
Sarcoptes scabiei, pediculus humanus and phthirus pubis, cimex lectularius and cimex Hemipterus
72
How is the sarcoptes scabiei infection
Mites burrows into stratum corneum and cause scabies- pruritus (worse at night) and serpinginous burrow (lines) between fingers and toes
73
How is the transmission of sarcoptes scabiei
Common in children, crowded populations, transmission through skin to skin contact (most common) or via fomites
74
How is the treatment of sarcoptes scabiei
Permethrin cream, oral ivermectin, washing/drying all clothing bedding treat close contacts
75
How are the disease caused by pediculus humanus and phthirus pubis
Blood sucking lice that cause intense pruritus with associated excoriations commonly on scalp and neck (head lice), waistband and axillary (body lice) or pubic and personal regions (pubic lice )
76
What are the three bacteria’s that can be transmitted by body lice and what disease causes which one
Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus), Borrelia recurrentis (relapsing fever ) and bartonella Quintana (trench fever)
77
How is the treatment of pediculus humanus and phthirus pubis
Pyrethroids, malathion, or ivermectin emotion, and nit combing. Children with head lice can be treated at home without interrumpting school attendance
78
How is the infection of cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus
They are bedbugs. Blood feeding insects that infest dwelling. Painless bite result in a range of skin reactions, typically pruritic, erythematous papeles with central hemorrhagic punctum. A clustered or linear pattern of notes seen upon awakening is suggestive.
79
How is diagnose confirmed the cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus and what is the treatment
Diagnosis is confirmed by direct identification of bed bugs in patients dwelling. Bites self resolve within 1 week. Eradication of the infestation is critical
80
Associated with clonorchis sinensis
Cholangocarcinoma and biliary tract disease
81
Brain cysts and seizures are associated with
Taenia solium
82
Hematuria, squamous cell bladder cancer are associated with
Schistosoma haemotobium
83
Liver (hydatid) cysts, exposure to infected dogs is associated with
Echinococcus granulosus
84
What is associated with ancylostoma, necator
Iron deficiency anemia
85
Myalgias, periorbital edema are signs of
Tichinella spiralis
86
Are associated with portal hypertension
Svhistosoma mansoni and s japonicum
87
Nocturnal personal pruritus
Enterobious
88
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with ?
Diphyllobothrium latum

Microbiology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions