Systemic/Pulmonary Circulations, Distribution of Blood etc.

Question 1

What is the function of the CVS system?

Answer 1

Provide oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Remove carbon dioxide and by-products of metabolism (H+) from the tissues
Transport all of these substances by bulk flow

Question 2

Describe the differences between the lungs/tissues and the transport of blood around the body.

Answer 2

Lungs/tissues = diffusion (short distances)

Around the body = bulk flow (large distances), connect diffusion processes

Question 3

State the components of the CVS system.

Answer 3

Heart

Blood vessels - arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Question 4

How much blood does the average person have?

Answer 4

4-6 L (5 e.g. hand)

Question 5

Describe the qualities of the pulmonary circulation - i.e. where it flows to and from,

Answer 5

Blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart.
From right ventricle via pulmonary arteries (deozxygenated)

Question 6

What happens in the pulmonary capillaries?

Answer 6

Oxygen is picked up and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood.

Question 7

State three beneficial qualities of lungs with regards to blood flow.

Answer 7

Lungs do not have to compete with the systemic circulation organs for blood flow.
Lungs are close to the heart.
Pulmonary vasculature has very low resistance to flow (low energy circuit).

Question 8

Where else do lungs receive blood from, despite the heart.

Answer 8

Bronchi receive blood from the systemic circulation via the bronchial arteries

Question 9

Describe the qualities of systemic circulation.

Answer 9

Left side of the heart pumps blood to body under high pressure
Vascular beds of different tissues are mainly arranged in parallel

Question 10

What are the benefits of having a parallel arrangement?

Answer 10

Less resistance

Can independently control blood flow to individual organs

Question 11

Which organs/blood flows are in series arrangement?

Answer 11

Splanchnic (gut) and renal system

Question 12

Name the organs which receive the most blood flow at rest.

Answer 12

Kidneys
Gut
Skeletal muscle

Question 13

Name the organs which undergo vasoconstriction during exercise.

Answer 13

Gut

Kidney

Question 14

Name the blood vessels to which organs that undergo vasodilation during exercise.

Answer 14

Skeletal muscle
Skin
Heart

Question 15

Blood vessels flowing to which organ undergo autoregulation during exercise.

Answer 15

Brain

Question 16

What is the function of veins and venules?

Answer 16

Capacitance vessels for storage

Question 17

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 17

Supply

Question 18

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 18

Exchange

Question 19

Which vessels are pulsatile, have a major drop in pressure/are non-pulsatile?

Answer 19

Arteries - pulsatile
Arteries - pulsatile
Arterioles - major drop in pressure
Capillaries, venules, veins - non-pulsatile

Question 20

Describe the arrangement of arteries when leaving the heart.

Answer 20

Arteries increase in number and decrease in diameter when leaving the heart.

Question 21

Describe the arrangement of vessels on the venous side when approaching the heart.

Answer 21

Vessels decrease in number and increase in diameter.

Question 22

Which side has more blood vessels?

Answer 22

Venous side

Question 23

Which side has a greater CSA?

Answer 23

Venous side

Question 24

What is a similarity regarding blood throughout the CVS system?

Answer 24

Blood flow remains the same in all parts, however blood velocity varies.

Question 25

Describe the blood flow velocity in capillaries and the reason for this.

Answer 25

Blood flow is slow = allow diffusion to occur.