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Cardiology 2 > Systemic Hypertension > Flashcards

Systemic Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What are the procedures for using the Korotkoff(indirect) method?

A

Inflate 20mmHg above sBP
Deflate slower than 3mmHg/sec
Record 1st and 5th sounds

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2
Q

What is considered the Direct method of Syst. HTN measurement?

A

Intra-Arterial Catheter

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3
Q

What are the 5 Korotkoff sounds?

A 
Tapping
Soft Murmur
Louder Murmur
Muffling of sound
Disappearance
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4
Q

What is the definition of Borderline HTN?

A

BP occasionally exceeds normal

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5
Q

What is the definition of Primary HTN?

A

Elevated Systemic BP without know cause

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6
Q

What is the definition of Secondary HTN?

A

Elevated Systemic BP for which a caue CAN be identified (renal failure)

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7
Q

What constitutes a Hypertensive Emergency?

A

Life Threatening
Focal or General Symptoms of ongoing organ damage
Requires a rapid Reduction of BP

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8
Q

How will a loose BP cuff affect your BP Readings?

A

It will give you an artificially high BP

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9
Q

What constitutes a Malignant Hypertension?

A

Hypertensive Retinopaty grages 3-4 and severe BP Elevation

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10
Q

What constitutes a Hypertensive Encephalopaty?

A

S and S of cerebral Edemacaused by severe and/or sudden rises in BP

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11
Q

Why is it necessary to take multiple BP readings?

A

Resting vs agitated

Coarctation of aorta

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12
Q

Which Korotkoff sounds should you record in Kids? Adults?

A

1, 4-5

1, 5

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13
Q

What are the Grading Parameters for Hypertensive Retiopathy?

A 
Gr1- Arteriolar Narrowing
Gr2- AV nicking
Gr3- Hemhorrages and exudates
Gr4- papilledema
Gr 3-4 are indicative of Target organ damage
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14
Q

What is AV Nicking?

A

Arteriole is pushing the Venuole down out of the field of view

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15
Q

What are the possible CNS consequences of Systemic HTN?

A

Decreasing Cognitive Function with age
Transient Ischemic Attack
Stroke- Thromboembolic(more common) or hemorrhagic

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16
Q

What is the impact of HTN on Renal Function?

A

Reanl Dys may cause Primary systemic arterial HTN

Intraglomerular HTN ==> Albuminurea

Nephrosclerosis -> Loss of renal Concentrating ability ->Renal failure -> Uremia

17
Q

What are the Cardio effects of HTN?
Early
Late

A

Early: Increasing LV Mass with loss of LV function (poor filling)
Chronic: LVH with LV dilation and Failure => Death

18
Q

What are the Vascular effects of HTN?

A

SAH is a risk factor for ASCVD, MI, Heart Failure, Sudden Cardiac Death

19
Q

What is the Kidney’s response to underperfusion?

A

Renin is released

20
Q

What is Pheochromocytoma?

A

A tumor that secretes BP raising Hormones

21
Q

What are the ID-able causes of HTN?

A 
Renal Parenchymal disease
1* Aldosteroneism
Renovascular disease
Chronic Steroid Therapy
Pheochromocytoma
Coarctation of the Aorta
Thyroid or parathyroid disease
Sleep Apnea
Drug Induced or related causes
22
Q

What Does SAH stand for?

A

Systemic Arterial Hypertension?

23
Q

What are other diseases to pay attention to in the History?

A

Ischemic Heart Disease
Heart Failure
Diabetes Mellitus
Chronic Kidney Disease (GFR

24
Q

What should ALWAYS be included in your cardiac exam?

A 
Serial Bilateral BP Measurements 
HEENT(ALWAYS FUNDUSCOPIC EXAM)
Pulm
Cardiovacular
Abdomen(Aortic, Renal Bruits)
Neurologic
25
Q

How do you select the Correct BP cuff?

A

2/3 Length of Upper arm
Bladder should encircle arm 80%
Mercury Manometer Best

26
Q

What are causes of Unprovoked hyperkalemia?

A

Hyperaldosteronisma and ANY other Secondary HTN

27
Q

What is the JNC 8 Reccommendations for sBP?

A
28
Q

What is the DASH Diet?

A

Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension

29
Q

What is the realtionship between Alcohol and Tobacco and HTN?

A

Alcohol: J shaped Curve
Tobacco: Vasopressors

30
Q

What are the drug classes used to Treat HTN?

A 
Diuretics (THIAZIDES ARE BEST)
Ca Channel Blockers
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Anti-adrenergics
Vasodilators
31
Q

What are the drug therapy Reccomendations for HTN in the General Pop?

A

Start Drug at >150 or dBP >90

Cardiology 2 (16 decks)

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