Systematics and Taxonomy (week 3) Flashcards
Systematics
the study of the biological evolutionary history of lie on earth
Taxonomy
branch of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms (Carolus Linnaeus binomial system of nomenclature)
Classifying organisms
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Sushi
Phylogenetic Trees
A diagram indicating lines of descent
Primitive Characters
Present in all members of a group and present in the common ancestor
Derived Characters
Present in some members of a group, but absent in the common ancestor
Fossil Record
Fossil record is incomplete, it is often difficult too determine the phylogeny of a fossil
Homology
Refers to features that stem from a common ancestor, homologous structures are related to each other through common descent
X convergent evolution
the acquisition of a feature in distantly related of descent
X parallel evolution
independent evolution of similar traits, staring from a similar ancestral condition, several species respond to similar challenges in a similar way
Protein Comparison
Amino acid sequencing, similar sequences in same protein indicates close relationship
RNA and DNA Comparison
two species with similar base pair sequences are assumed to be closely related, two species with differing base-pair sequences are assumed to be only distant relatives
Cladistics Systematics
trace evolutionary history of the group under study
Cladogram
special type of polygenic tree, clade is an evolutionary branch that include common ancestors and all its descendants
3 Domains
Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archea
Domain Eukarya
uni and multicellular organism
membrane bound nucleus
sexual reproduction common
contains fungi, plantea, animal kingdoms
