Fungi (week 6) Flashcards
Fungi Characteristics
- Mostly multicellular eukaryotes
- Heterotrophic
- Cells releases digestive enzyme
- Some parasitic: ex. ringworm, athletes foot, yeast infections
Fungi Structure
- body of most multicellular mycelium
- Mycelium = vast network of thread-like hyphae
- Fungi cell walls made of chitin
- Excess food stored as glycogen in animals
Fungi Reproduction
Both sexual and asexual reproduction
sexual:
plamogamy (fusion of cytoplasm)
Karyogamy (fusion of nuclei)
Meiosis
Germination (spore grows into plant)
asexual: fragmentation, budding, spore producing
Zygomycota
- bread molds (zygospore fungi)
- Mainly saprotrophs (decomposing animal/plant, bakery goods)
- black bread molds
Sec Fungi - Ascomycota
- Most saprotrophs (digest resistant materials containing cellulose, lignin, or collagen
- Morels and truffles
- Many plant diseases:curly leaf etc
- yeast on baking and brewing
source of penicillium
Sac Fungi - Asexual reproduction
- asexual reproduction is the norm
- yeast usually reproduce by budding
- others produce spores called conidia or conidispore
Sac Fungi - Sexual Reproduction
- Ascus - fingerlike sac that develops during sexual reproduction
- Asci usually sorrounded by sterile hyphea
cup shaped or stalked and pitted - Spores and windblown
Sac Fungi - yeasts
- Budding common, asexual reproduction
- sexual results in asci and ascospores
- yeast ferment they produce ethanol and carbon dioxide
Club Fungi
- Toadstools, mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs
- some deadly poisons (death cap)
Club Fungi - Reproduction
- usually reproduce sexually
- haploud hyphae fuse
Humongous Fungus - worlds largest organism
- found in Malheur national forest, blue mtns., eastern Oregon, high elevation
- network of hyphae increase surface areas for nutrient absorption, fungi decompose and absorb from their environment
Human and Fungi
black molds
ringworm
penicillium
athelets foot
nail fungus
blue cheese
Drugs and Fungi
penicillin and cholesterol lowering agents
Symbiosis - Lichens
- transfer nutrients directly to fungus
- fungal symbiont usually cant grow alone
Lichens
three morphological types
- compact crustose lichens (seen on bar rocks or on tree bark)
- fruticose lichens (shrub like)
Foliose lichens - leaf like
Glomeromycota - Mycorrhizae
- mutualistic relationship between soil fungi and roots of most familia plants
- Ectomycorrhizar form a mantle that is exterior to the root and they grow between cell walls, coat root surfaces
- Endomycorrihizae penetrate only cells walls; grown along plasma membrane
