systematic carbon chemistry

Question 1

How are compound with single C-C bonds described?

Answer 1

saturated

Question 2

How are compounds with double C=C bonds described

Answer 2

unsaturated

Question 3

What can unsaturated molecules take part in?

Answer 3

addition reactions, e.g. decolourisation of bromine solution

Question 4

What are isomers?

Answer 4

compounds with same molecular formula but different structures, different physical properties.

Question 5

What can be used to predict the solubility, boiling point or volatility of a molecule?

Answer 5

presence of -NH, -OH, -FH, hydrogen bonding
spatial arrangement of polar bonds, pd-pd interactions
molecular size, LDF strength
polarities of solvent and solute, like dissolves like

Question 6

What contain only single C-C bonds and H’s, saturated

Answer 6

Alkanes

Question 7

Min. 3 C in circular shape, single C-C bonds, saturated

Answer 7

Cycloalkanes

Question 8

What contain one C=C double bond, min. 2 C, unsaturated

Answer 8

Alkenes

Question 9

What could be used as a solvent for alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkenes?

Answer 9

Hexane as they are hydrocarbons therefore non-polar

Question 10

Step by step process for systematic naming?

Answer 10

1. Identify longest carbon chain and name accordingly.
2. With alkanes or any molecule with a functional group (e.g. -OH), number so that the functional group is as low as possible.
3. Name branches accordingly and number.
4. Use di- tr- if more than one double bond/functional group

Question 11

What compounds can undergo addition reactions?

Answer 11

Compounds containing double bonds.

Question 12

Example of an addition reaction.

Answer 12

bromine solution can distinguish between unsaturated and saturated compounds by addition reactions. Bromine can be replaced with other halogens as well as hydrogen halides.