alcohols and carboxylic acids Flashcards
What is the functional group of alcohols?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
What are the three different types of alcohol?
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
Describe primary alcohols.
-OH attached to C with at least two H atoms at the end of a C chain.
e.g. methanol, propan-1,3-diol
Describe secondary alcohols.
-OH attached to C atom with 1 H atom,
e.g. butan-2-ol
Describe tertiary alcohols.
-OH has C atom with no H atom attached, branched alcohol.
e.g. 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
What bonds can alcohols form between molecules?
hydrogen bonding from -OH group.
How to increase boiling point in alcohols…
adding more -OH bridges increases boiling point, more -OH groups allows more hydrogen bonds to form and therefore more energy required to separate molecules.
Viscosity in alcohols…
more hydrogen bonds that can form between molecules the higher the viscosity, more -OH, more viscous
Solubility and alcohols…
as they are polar, they dissolve in polar liquids such as water.
will not dissolve in non-polar liquids like hexane
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
carboxyl group, -COOH
Reactions with carboxylic acids…
Acidic as they disassociate to form H+ when added to an aqueous solution.
Can undergo neutralisation reactions to form salt and water same as other lab chemicals.
Carboxylic acid + metal oxide
salt + water
carboxylic acid + metal hydroxide
salt + water
carboxylic acid + metal carbonate
salt + water + carbon dioxide
What are the physical properties of carboxylic acids
Polar molecules that form hydrogen bonds between molecules.
Have higher melting and boiling points than other compounds of similar molecular mass.
Can dissolve in water and polar solvents and shorter chain carboxylic acids are more soluble in water than long chain carboxylic acids.
