Systematic Anatomy Flashcards
What’s systematic anatomy
A group of organs that together perform a common function
What are 4 tissue types
Epithelial Tissue: forms protective sheets that cover body surfaces and line cavities
Connective Tissue: supports, connect, protects organs, forms bone cartilage, transports nutrients
Muscular Tissue: allows movement which is voluntary or involuntary
Nervous Tissue: transmits electrical signals, allows communication to different body parts
Define organ, anatomical system, apparatus
Organ: a structure made up of similar tissues to perform a specific function
Anatomical system: groups of organs which perform a essential function
Apparatus: consists of multiple systems with different structures (system -> organ -> tissue -> cell)
What is splanchnology and viscera
Splanchnology: study of viscera
Viscera: defined as organs with/without a cavity that’s surrounded by and if hollow lined by special layers
What are the two tissues made up the viscera
- Parenchyma- functional tissue of the organ
- Stroma- The supportive connective tissue
What are some examples of hollow viscera (organs) and their 3 layered walls
- Tunica mucosa (Inner layer)- absorption and secretion
- Tunica muscularis (Middle layer)- movement and contraction
- Tunica serosa/adventita (outer layer)
What is a body cavity and their 3 major ones
Body cavity: A space in the body that protects internal organs
1. Thoracic cavity: enclosed by ribs and diaphragm, lined by endothoracic factors
2. Abdominal cavity: between the diaphragm and pelvis, lined by transversalis fascia
3. Pelvic cavity: continuation of abdominal cavity, lined the same
What are serous membranes and their types
Serous membrane: sheets of mesothelial cells attached to a connective tissue layer that secretes serous fluid to allow organs to move smoothly against each other
- Pleura (Thoracic Cavity)
- Parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity walls.
- Visceral pleura covers the lungs.
- The connecting pleura forms the pulmonary ligament. - Peritoneum (Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities)
- Parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the cavity.
- Visceral peritoneum covers abdominal and pelvic organs.
- The connecting peritoneum forms mesenteries and ligaments, which support and suspend organs. - Serous Pericardium (Heart Cavity)
- Visceral pericardium (epicardium) adheres directly to the heart muscle and associated vessels.
- Parietal pericardium forms the outer protective sac around the heart
What is the mediastinum
The space that sits between the left and right pleural sacs, numerous organs also lie within it
What are the 3 serous layers that form a continuous sac around the heart
- Parietal pericardium (outer)
- Pericardial cavity (middle): contains pericardial fluid
- Visceral pericardium (inner)
What are the systems for these apparatus’s: Respirtory, Cardiovascular, Digestive, Urogenital, Nervous, Integument, Locomotor, Endocrine
Respiratory -> Repiratory
Cardiovascular -> Cardiovascular and Lymphatic
Digestive -> Digestive and Digestive glands
Urogenital -> Urinary and Genital
Nervous -> Central nervous, Peripheral nervous, Autonomic nervous
Integument -> Skin, skin derivatives, sensory system Locomotor -> skeletal, articular and muscular
Endocrine -> endocrine
What is the respiratory apparatus divided into and what does it include
Upper respiratory system: includes nostrils, nasal passage, sinuses, pharynx to the larynx
Lower respiratory system: trachea and lungs (bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli)
What is included in the cardiovascular system and their functions
Heart: pumps blood around the body
Arteries: transports oxygenated blood
Veins: transports deoxygenated blood
What does the lymphatic system consist of and their functions
Lymph nodes: produces lymphocytes and filters
Lymph vessels: afferent- transport lymph to a lymph node, efferent- carries filtered lymphs to the heart
