System Study Guide Flashcards
What is the name of the narrow gap between the axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another?
Synaptic Cleft
What is the long thin part of a neuron that is involved in signal transmission?
Axon
Which part of a neuron has receptors that receive external signals?
Dendrite
Which of the neuron types is involved in passing along signals generated by other neurons and in processing information?
Interneurons
Which of the neuron types is involved in collecting information from the environment?
Sensory Neurons
What Ion us most important for depolarization and action potential of a neuron
Na+
What is the sudden change in charge across a membrane caused by the movement of ions is called?
depolarization
What is the name of the protein that detects light in the eyes of animals?
Opsin
Which type of sensory receptor induces hyperpolarization rather than depolarization?
Photoreceptors
Which of the following senses uses chemoreceptors as a detection mechanism?
Smell
Bones are made of which flexible material prior to calcification?
Cartilage
Which molecular motor is essential for muscle contraction in humans?
Myosin
Which protein that is important in the cytoskeleton of animal cells is essential in muscle contraction?
Actin
What is the name of the small sac-like structures in the lung in which most of gas exchange occurs?
Alveoli
Where would you expect to find the vast majority of hemoglobin in a human body?
Inside red blood cells
What carries out respiration through a network of tiny tubes going from the animal’s surface to smaller tubes moving within the body?
Tracheal System
In humans, where is blood that is pumped from the right ventricle going next?
To the lungs
What is the name of the liquid circulated by an animal that has an open circulatory system?
Hemolymph
Rickets is a disease resulting in malformation of bones and joints in animals and is caused by a deficiency of which essential nutrient?
Vitamin D
Which macromolecule begins digestion almost immediately in the mouth with exposure to amylases in saliva?
Starches
Based on our anatomy and physiology, humans would be classified as which type of organism with respect to our diet?
Omvinore
What is true with respect to amino acids in the human diet?
Humans can synthesize some amino acids but must obtain the others in their diet
The intake of insufficient caloric content in the diet is called what?
Undernutrition
Which cell recognizes antigens on MHC II presentation and coordinates the immune response to an infection?
Helper T Cell
