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Informatics > System Life Cycle > Flashcards

System Life Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Organizational Goals

A

Set based upon a needs assessment

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2
Q

Steps in Upgrading or Implementing

A

Plan, hardware/software delivery, installation, policy and procedure, training, maintenance and support

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3
Q

Enterprise-Wide Strategic Planning

A

Short term 2-4 years

Long term 10-15 years

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4
Q

Resource Use

A

The consideration of all factors related to the planning and delivery of quality products and activites

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5
Q

Inventory

A

The amount of material or equipment on hand

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6
Q

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A

Average cost of an event and the cost of intervention = savings

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7
Q

Cost-Effective Analysis

A

Meaures the effectiveness of an interventions rather than the monetary savings

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8
Q

Cost-Utility Analysis

A

Subtype of CEA with subjective outcomes

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9
Q

Return on Investment (ROI)

A

Accounting calculation used to determine the value and cost of an investment

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10
Q

Phases of System Development Life Cycle

A

Needs assessment, system selection, implementation, maintenance

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11
Q

Gap Analysis

A

Method used to determine the steps required to move from a current state to new state

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12
Q

Feasibility Study

A

Help to define the problem(s) that the new system is expected to address

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13
Q

Request for Information (RFI)

A

Used early in system analysis to gather information from vendors

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14
Q

Clinical Flow Chart

A

Schematic representation of a process

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15
Q

Parallelogram on Flow Chart

A

Input and output (start/end)

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16
Q

Arrow on Flow Chart

A

Direction of flow

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17
Q

Diamond on Flow Chart

A

Conditional decision (yes/no)

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18
Q

Circle on Flow Chart

A

Connectors with diverging paths with multiple arrows coming in bot only one going out

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19
Q

Gantt Chart

A

Used for developing improvement project to manage schedules and estimate time needed to complete tasks

Bar chart with horizontal time scale

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20
Q

Storyboard

A

Visual representation of the actions of a team during the performance improvement process

May contain charts, diagrams, pictures, etc.

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21
Q

Data-Flow Diagrams

A

Show how data flow into a system and from one process to another

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22
Q

Square on Data-Flow Diagram

A

External entity or sources of data or external destinations

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23
Q

Rounded Rectangle on Data-Flow Diagram

A

Process in inputting and outputting data

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24
Q

Arrow on Data-Flow Diagram

A

Direction of data flow

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25
Q

Three-Sided Open Rectangle on Data-Flow Diagram

A

Electronic or physical data storage

Solid stripe on lieft side inciates that more than one system shares the data store

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26
Q

Product Analysis

A

Helps to identify flaws or problem areas and can identify possible changes needed for improvement

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27
Q

Market Analysis

A

Determine both the current state of the market for a product or service and the future potential

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28
Q

System Selection

A

Needs assessment, RFP, contract negotiation

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29
Q

Discrete Data

A

Represents the count of something

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30
Q

Redundancy

A

The same field is present more than once

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31
Q

Hierarchial Database

A

Tree or parent-child formation (one to many)

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32
Q

Relational Database

A

Multiple table structure with each individual item having a unique identifier

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33
Q

Recursion Algorithm

A

Calls on itself repeatedly until a match is made

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34
Q

Iterative Algorithm

A

Uses constructs that repeat themselves many times with the possible additon of other information to find a solution

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35
Q

Logical Algorithm

A

Uses the controlled dedication of axioms

Algorithm = logic + control

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36
Q

Serial Algorithm

A

One instruction is performed after another

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37
Q

Parallel and Distributive Algorithm

A

Breaks up the algorithm into parts that can be solved on different machines and then brings the seperate answers together for the results

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38
Q

Deterministic/Non-Deterministic Algorithm

A

Uses precise decisions or uses a heuristically designed system of guessing

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39
Q

Exact/Approximate Algorithm

A

Determines a concrete answer or determines an answer that is close enough

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40
Q

Divide and Conquer Algorithm

A

Seperates the problem into smaller and smaller sub-problems until each sub-problem can be solved easily

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41
Q

Dynamic Programming Algorithm

A

Breaks the problem down into problems that have already been solved in order to find the answer more quickly

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42
Q

Greedy Method Algorithm

A

Makes sure of approximate answers to sub-problems and can be the fastest way to find solutions

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43
Q

Linear Programming Algorithm

A

Inputs are restricted based on a predetermined construct

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44
Q

Reduction Algorithm

A

Change the problem into a simpler problem

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45
Q

Search and Enumeration Algorithm

A

Specifies rules in the form of a graph

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46
Q

Alerts

A

Part of clinical decision support

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47
Q

CPT Codes

A

Developed by AMA to define those licensed to provide services as well as medical and surgical treatments, diagnostics, and procedures

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48
Q

ICD Codes

A

Developed by WHO to acquire worldwide morbidity and mortality data

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49
Q

NANDA-I

A

167 classified diagnoses defined and characterized

50
Q

Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)

A

514 treatments performed by nurses

Links to NANDA

51
Q

Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)

A

Provides expected outcomes for 330 disease states

52
Q

SNOMED CT

A

Comprehensive collection of clinical terms

53
Q

Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)

A

Terms primarily for lab

54
Q

International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)

A

Uniform terms for nursing data

55
Q

Nursing Management Minimum Data Set (NMMDS)

A

Dynamic collection of standardized terms related to nursing

56
Q

Omaha System

A

Problem classification scheme allows for evaluating patient condition

57
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

A

Can only ask if accomodations are needed, not why

Entitled to assistive devices

58
Q

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)

A

Interactive software applications that provide information to physicians to help with healthcare decisions

59
Q

Run Chart

A

Running record of a process over time

60
Q

Control Chart

A

Run chart with a mean line

61
Q

Run (Shift)

A

7 or more consecutive data points are all above or below the median or mean

62
Q

Trend

A

7 or more consecutive data points are in either ascending or descending order with 21 or more total points

63
Q

Cycle

A

An up and down variation forms a sawtooth pattern with 14 successive data points

64
Q

Astronomical Value

A

Data points unrelated to other points indicate a sentinel event or special-cause situation

65
Q

Components

A

Software appliations which need to be integrated into the software of the information system.

66
Q

Features

A

Parts of a component with predictable properties

67
Q

Feature Creep

A

Addition of more and more features to a program

68
Q

Interface

A

Computer program that allows two or more programs to exchange information

69
Q

Point-to-Point Interface

A

Transfer of data only between two programs

70
Q

Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI)

A

Industry standard for interfacing mulitple systems

71
Q

Half-Duplex

A

Facilitates two-way interface communication, but only one way at a time

72
Q

Full-Duplex

A

Simultaneous bi-directional interface communication

73
Q

User Interface

A

Allows interactoin between the user and the machine, permitting the user to make input and to see output as a result

74
Q

Links

A

Allow access of information at one point from a different point

75
Q

Undefined Device

A

The system does not recognize the device

76
Q

Defined Device

A

Information about a specific device is present in the database buy not available to the system

77
Q

Available Device

A

Information about a device is present in the database and configured to the OS

78
Q

Not Available/Stopped Device

A

Information about the device is present in its driver, but the device is not available

79
Q

Configuration Report

A

Contain data about the system itself

80
Q

Informational Report

A

Include built-in templates and provide fact-finding to glean information from databases

81
Q

Change Report

A

Automated, showing changes that occur to the system over a period of time

82
Q

Baseline Report

A

Automated, showing how the system or elements of the system compare to a baseline

83
Q

Summary/Management Report

A

Summaries of actions, processes, and data

84
Q

Periodic Report

A

Issued at predetermined periods

85
Q

Error/Exception Report

A

Issued when faults occur or data are outside of normal parameters

86
Q

Refresh Rate

A

The speed at which the screen reprints from top to bottom

87
Q

Resolution

A

The number of horizontal pixels by vertical pixels

Higher resolution = smaller but clearer image

88
Q

Automated Testing

A

Uses software tools specifically designed to test featers of an information system, sugh as the GUI. Especially useful for stress testing

89
Q

Black Box Testing

A

Functional testing that determines if an input results in the correct output, using test cases focused on the sytem’s operational profile

May not include activation of code, so may not detect all defaults

90
Q

Fault Injection Testing

A

Introduces fautls into the system to show what happens to the system when components fail to function properly

91
Q

Operational System Testing

A

Tests the ability of the system to function after introduction of a component

May require huge amount of testing to determine how the system will deal with component failures or problems

92
Q

Defense Building Testing

A

Wrappers are used to limit the component software in some way

93
Q

System Integration (SIT) Testing

A

Determines if hardware/software applications can work together

Type of black box testing

94
Q

Functional Testing

A

Verifies that a code is functioning properly and determines if new users are able to carry out certain functions or whether features are working as expected

95
Q

Load/Volume Testing

A

Nonfunctional reliability testing that evaluates the system’s ability to function under different loads

96
Q

Accessability Testing

A

Ensures the system is ADA compliant

97
Q

Ad Hoc Testing

A

users try to identify problems in an unstructured way by trying various means to elicit errors

98
Q

Compatibility Testing

A

Wide range of tests, including testing the system using various web browsers

99
Q

Exception Handling

A

Error Testing to determine if there are errors resulting from incorrect programming, coding, or resource failures

100
Q

Exploratory Testing

A

Uses results of previous testing to determine what additional testing is needed

101
Q

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A

Allows the uswers to interact with devices through the use of images

102
Q

Installation Testing

A

Tests procedures needed to install, uninstall, and upgrade applications

103
Q

Maintenance Testing

A

Done to identify problems requiring maintenance with equpiment or applications or to evaluate the effectiveness of repairs

104
Q

Recovery Testing

A

Purposely crashing the system and evaluating it’s ability to recover

105
Q

Regression Testing

A

Tests the system after a change, such as installation of a patch or change in configuration, to see if the change has introduced faults

106
Q

Sanity Testing

A

Rapid run-through testing to determine if results seem reasonable

107
Q

Scalability Testing

A

Tests the ability of the system to function under increasing loads (scaling up) or under increasing nodes (scaling out)

108
Q

Security Testing

A

Done to determine if data security is adequate in protecting confidentiality

109
Q

Smoke/Power On Testing

A

Attaching an electronic device to power and observing the results

110
Q

Software Performance Testing

A

Ability of the system to perform under certain workloads

111
Q

Usibility Testing

A

Ability of the end users to use the system

112
Q

System Implementation Plan

A

Develop a schedule with milestones, assign tasks, establish communication plan, test the system

113
Q

Phased Implementation

A

May be by module, unit, or geography

Advantages - allows for small-scale evaluation and revision, creates pool of trainers for subsequent lives

114
Q

Big-Bang Implementation

A

Complete system goes live across an organziation on a designated date and time

115
Q

Pilot Implementation

A

Used to try out a system before further implementation

116
Q

Parallel Implementation

A

Both the existing (legacy) system and new system are used concurrently

Most costly in terms of finances and time since users must enter data into two systems, increasing risk of error

Less risky than big bang because backup system is in place

117
Q

Data Conversion/Migration

A

Occurs when data are translated from one format to antoher

118
Q

Interoperability

A

Ability of two systems to exchange and use data while maintaining the same meaning

119
Q

Technical Interoperability

A

Ability of two systems or equipment from different manufacturers to exchange data

120
Q

Syntactical Interoperability

A

Transfer of data formats without necessarily ensuring that meaning is intact

121
Q

Semantic Interoperability

A

Transfer of meaning so that people recognize the content is the same

122
Q

Process Interoperability

A

Processes and specification that facilitate exchange of data from one organization to another

Informatics (3 decks)

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