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NUR 106 > Syringes > Flashcards

Syringes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the max recommended fluid volume for subcutaneous injections at a single site?

A

.5-1 mL

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2
Q

What is the max recommended fluid volume for intramuscular injections at a single site?

A

Up to 3 mL

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3
Q

What is the max recommended fluid volume for intravenous injections?

A

1-60 mL

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4
Q

What is the max recommended fluid volume for intradermal skin tests?

A

.1 mL

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5
Q

What is normal blood glucose range?

A

70-120 mg/dL

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6
Q

What are the two symptoms of diabetes that ads the same for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?

A

Headache/blurred vision

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7
Q

For how long does an A1C give a picture of glucose control?

A

6 months

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8
Q

What are the typical orders for FSBS

A

4 times a day- AC, ACHS, Q6hrs

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9
Q

What do the oral diabetic agents do?

A

Decrease hepatic glucose production

Decrease intestinal absorption

Increase sensitivity

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10
Q

Name the 3 sufonylureas?

A

glipizide

glyburide

glimepride

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11
Q

What drug is a biguanide?

A

Metformin

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12
Q

Which drug is a DPP-4 inhibitor?

A

sitagliptin

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13
Q

What are the precautions for sulfonylureas?

A

Sulfonamide allergy

Type 1 diabetes

Geriatrics

Altered liver and kidney function

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14
Q

What are the precautions for biguanide?

A

ETOH use

Altered liver and kidney function

Radiology contrast dye

Geriatrics

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15
Q

What is number one reason patients are non-compliant on metformin?

A

Diarrhea

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16
Q

Which oral diabetic medication does not cause hypoglycemia?

A

Metformin

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17
Q

What are the side effects for metformin?

A 
Bloating 
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting 
Metallic taste
Lactic acidosis
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18
Q

Which drug should you absolutely not take if drinking alcohol?

A

Metformin

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19
Q

What are extra nursing implications for metformin?

A

Radiology study implications

Give with meals (GI)

Normal ones-pt education & monitor blood glucose

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20
Q

What are precautions for DPP-4 inhibitor?

A

Pancreatitis

Impaired renal function

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21
Q

What are some factors that influence drug action?

A 
Age 
Weight
Sex
Pregnancy
Genetics
Environment 
Route of administration
Fluids/Diet
Psychological factors
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22
Q

What are the 5 rights of medication administration?

A 
Right patient 
Right medication
Right Dose
Right time
Right route
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23
Q

What is the first line of defense for infection?

A 
Skin
Micro villi 
Stomach acid
Mucous membranes
Flora
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24
Q

What is the body’s second line of defense for infection?

A

WBC
Specific immunity
Vaccines
Previous exposure

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25
Q

Can you change the response of the body’s first line of defense to infection?

A

No

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26
Q

What color do you expect on skin that is experiencing an immune response to a microorganism?

A

Red

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27
Q

What color do you expect that indicates a sign of infection?

A

Green/yellow

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28
Q

What does a bactericidal agent do?

A

Kills the microorganism now!

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29
Q

What does a bacteriostatic agent do?

A

Stop microorganisms from growing

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30
Q

What is a superbug?

A

Genetically altered bacteria

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31
Q

What is the number one cause of superbugs?

A

Overuse of antibiotics

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32
Q

Name 5 superbugs

A 
MRSA
VRE
C. Diff
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
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33
Q

What is the WBC that indicates infection?

A

Greater than 10,000

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34
Q

What class of drug is levofloxacin?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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35
Q

Is levofloxacin broad spectrum?

A

Yes

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36
Q

What is the administration of levofloxacin?

A

PO and IV

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37
Q

What are the considerations for levofloxacin?

A

Cardiac

Need CrCl & BUN Labs

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38
Q

What should not be taken with levofloxacin?

A

Iron and antacids

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39
Q

What do you have to monitor for with levofloxacin?

A

Level of conciousness

This drug increases intra-cranial pressure

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40
Q

What type of antibiotic is linezolod?

A

Broad spectrum

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41
Q

What is levofloxacin used to treat?

A

Urinary infection
Respiratory infection
Skin infections
Post exposure to anthrax

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42
Q

What is linezolid used to treat?

A

Bactericidal for strep

Bacteriostatic for staph a a enterococci

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43
Q

What is the excretion of linezolid?

A

Hepatic metabolism, renal excretion

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44
Q

What should you avoid in your diet if you are taking linezolid?

A

Tyamine (fish, sodas)

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45
Q

What is the administration for linezolid?

A

PO and IV

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46
Q

What should you monitor when taking linezolid?

A

Vision and stools

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47
Q

When should you notify the doctor if patient is taking linezolid?

A

Excessive bleeding or blurred vision

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48
Q

What type of antibiotic is linezolid?

A

Broad spectrum

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49
Q

What is one of the major side effects of linezolid?

A

Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)

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50
Q

If patient eats a lot of tyramine and takes linezolid, what happens?

A

Causes HBP

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51
Q

What type of antibiotic is amoxicillin?

A

Penicillin based broad spectrum

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52
Q

What is administration of amoxicillin?

A

PO only

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53
Q

What is amoxicillin used to treat?

A

Skin, eat, sinuses, respiratory, urinary, post exposure anthrax

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54
Q

Which antibiotic is safe in pregnancy?

A

Amoxicillin and ceftriaxone

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55
Q

What does amoxicillin increase the effects of?

A

Warfarin, could cause bleeding

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56
Q

What are the interactions with amoxicillin?

A

Contraceptives, warfarin, allopurinol

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57
Q

What should you monitor if patient taking amoxicillin?

A

Stools

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58
Q

Which antibiotic would you not give if patient is allergic to penicillin?

A

ceftriaxone

Amoxicillin

Piperacillin

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59
Q

What type of antibiotic is ceftriaxone?

A

Cephalosporin

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60
Q

What is ceftriaxone used to treat?

A

Skin, urinary, GYN, respiratory, meningitis, bone/joint, ear, sepsis, Lyme, abdomen

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61
Q

What is metabolism and excretion of ceftriaxone?

A

Renal for both

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62
Q

What is administration of ceftriaxone?

A

IM and IV

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63
Q

What is one of the drugs ceftriaxone interacts with?

A

Probenecid—causes an increase in ceftriaxone and toxic side effects

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64
Q

Which antibiotic is given during surgery to prevent infection?

A

Ceftriaxone

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65
Q

What kind of antibiotic is piperacillin?

A

Extended spectrum

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66
Q

What is piperacillin used to treat?

A

Appendicitis, peritonitis, skin, GYN, pneumonia

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67
Q

How is piperacillin administered?

A

IV only

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68
Q

What are the drug interactions with piperacillin?

A

Probenecid, lithium, diuretics, corticosteroids

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69
Q

If patient experiences chest pain and has had piperacillin, what else should you ask if they are taking?

A

Diuretics

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70
Q

What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?

A

Broad spectrum

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71
Q

What is vancomycin used to treat?

A

Endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis, PCN ALLERGY, enterocolitis, and c diff

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72
Q

What must be monitored when giving IV vanc?

A

The IV site because it burns and hurts and site must be clear.

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73
Q

What does PO vanc only work for?

A

GI BUGS

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74
Q

What is the excretion for vanc?

A

Renal and hepatic

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75
Q

What do you do before you give next dose of vanc?

A

Check blood levels, vanc has a narrow therapeutic range

76
Q

What are the peaks and troughs for vanc?

A

25-40 mcg/mL peak

5-10 mcg/mL trough

77
Q

What is the inflammation of abdomen called when patient is taking antibiotics?

A

Pseudo membranous colitis

78
Q

What does pseudomembraneous colitis cause?

A

Cramping and bloody stools

79
Q

What are keys to antibiotic success?

A 
Complete regime
Don't share prescriptions 
Take as directed
Monitor for allergic reaction
Monitor bowel function
Increase fluid intake
Avoid excessive use
Monitor for signs of superinfection
Monitor for signs of Steven johnsons disease
80
Q

What happens when a patient is allergic to antibiotics?

A

Allergic reactions begin with a rash

81
Q

Superinfections occur when using what type of antibiotic?

A

Broad spectrum or extended spectrum

82
Q

Which type of diabetic is not insulin Dependent?

A

Type 2

83
Q

What is the normal blood glucose range?

A

70-120 mL/dL

84
Q

Any blood glucose lower than what is too low and any blood glucose higher than what is too high

A

60 and 120

85
Q

What should the HbA1c be?

A

6.0% or less

86
Q

An A1c over what is considered correlated to renal damage?

A

12

87
Q

What can diabetes cause?

A

Neuropathy
Blindness
Inability to heal well

88
Q

If finger stick blood glucose is outside the normal range, what must be done?

A

Verified by blood sample

89
Q

What do sulfonylureas cause?

A

Photo sensitivity

90
Q

When you are diabetic, what must be avoided?

A

Limit complex carbs

91
Q

What is considered a high alert medication?

A

Insulin, must have another nurse verify

92
Q

What are the two rapid acting insulins?

A

Lispro

Aspart

93
Q

What is the meal time insulin at hospital?

A

Rapid acting-lispro, aspart

94
Q

Where is insulin given?

A

Fat pads

Back of arm
Upper thigh
Stomach

Grab up fat!

95
Q

What angle do you inject insulin?

A

Inject at 45 degree angle, on thinner patient ok to go in at 90 degrees

96
Q

Rapid acting insulin is considered what?

A

Sliding scale insulin

97
Q

When do you give rapid acting insulin?

A

15 minutes before eating or immediately after

98
Q

What is the peak for rapid acting insulin?

A

1-2 hours

99
Q

What is the duration of rapid acting insulin?

A

3-4 hours

100
Q

What is the name of the short acting insulin?

A

Regular

Humalin-R
Novolin-R

101
Q

What is the name of the immediate-acting insulin?

A

NPH

Humalin-N
Novolin-N

102
Q

What is the name of the long-acting insulin?

A

Glargine /detemir

Lantus/Levimir

103
Q

What are the two insulins that you can mix?

A

NPH/regular

104
Q

What insulin do you NOT mix?

A

Long acting-glargine/detemir

But can give short or rapid to help

105
Q

Which insulin is cloudy?

A

NPH

106
Q

Which insulin is clear?

A

Short acting

107
Q

Which insulin do you draw up first or you will contaminate?

A

Clear to cloudy!

108
Q

What is onset of long acting insulin?

A

3-4 hours

109
Q

What is the peak of long acting insulin?

A

3-14 hrs

110
Q

What is the duration of long acting insulin?

A

6-24 hrs, dose dependent

111
Q

What is onset of intermediate acting insulin?

A

2-4 hours

112
Q

What is peak of NPH insulin?

A

4-10 hours

113
Q

What is direction of NPH?

A

10-16 hours

114
Q

What is onset of regular insulin?

A

30-60 minutes

115
Q

What is the peak of regular insulin?

A

2-4 hours

116
Q

What is the duration of regular insulin?

A

5-7 hours

117
Q

When should you notify the doctor if patient is taking linezolid?

A

Excessive bleeding or blurred vision

118
Q

What type of antibiotic is linezolid?

A

Broad spectrum

119
Q

What is one of the major side effects of linezolid?

A

Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)

120
Q

If patient eats a lot of tyramine and takes linezolid, what happens?

A

Causes HBP

121
Q

What type of antibiotic is amoxicillin?

A

Penicillin based broad spectrum

122
Q

What is administration of amoxicillin?

A

PO only

123
Q

What is amoxicillin used to treat?

A

Skin, eat, sinuses, respiratory, urinary, post exposure anthrax

124
Q

Which antibiotic is safe in pregnancy?

A

Amoxicillin and ceftriaxone

125
Q

What does amoxicillin increase the effects of?

A

Warfarin, could cause bleeding

126
Q

What are the interactions with amoxicillin?

A

Contraceptives, warfarin, allopurinol

127
Q

What should you monitor if patient taking amoxicillin?

A

Stools

128
Q

Which antibiotic would you not give if patient is allergic to penicillin?

A

ceftriaxone

Amoxicillin

Piperacillin

129
Q

What type of antibiotic is ceftriaxone?

A

Cephalosporin

130
Q

What is ceftriaxone used to treat?

A

Skin, urinary, GYN, respiratory, meningitis, bone/joint, ear, sepsis, Lyme, abdomen

131
Q

What is metabolism and excretion of ceftriaxone?

A

Renal for both

132
Q

What is administration of ceftriaxone?

A

IM and IV

133
Q

What is one of the drugs ceftriaxone interacts with?

A

Probenecid—causes an increase in ceftriaxone and toxic side effects

134
Q

Which antibiotic is given during surgery to prevent infection?

A

Ceftriaxone

135
Q

What kind of antibiotic is piperacillin?

A

Extended spectrum

136
Q

What is piperacillin used to treat?

A

Appendicitis, peritonitis, skin, GYN, pneumonia

137
Q

How is piperacillin administered?

A

IV only

138
Q

What are the drug interactions with piperacillin?

A

Probenecid, lithium, diuretics, corticosteroids

139
Q

If patient experiences chest pain and has had piperacillin, what else should you ask if they are taking?

A

Diuretics

140
Q

What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?

A

Broad spectrum

141
Q

What is vancomycin used to treat?

A

Endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis, PCN ALLERGY, enterocolitis, and c diff

142
Q

What must be monitored when giving IV vanc?

A

The IV site because it burns and hurts and site must be clear.

143
Q

What does PO vanc only work for?

A

GI BUGS

144
Q

What is the excretion for vanc?

A

Renal and hepatic

145
Q

What do you do before you give next dose of vanc?

A

Check blood levels, vanc has a narrow therapeutic range

146
Q

What are the peaks and troughs for vanc?

A

25-40 mcg/mL peak

5-10 mcg/mL trough

147
Q

What is the inflammation of abdomen called when patient is taking antibiotics?

A

Pseudo membranous colitis

148
Q

What does pseudomembraneous colitis cause?

A

Cramping and bloody stools

149
Q

What are keys to antibiotic success?

A 
Complete regime
Don't share prescriptions 
Take as directed
Monitor for allergic reaction
Monitor bowel function
Increase fluid intake
Avoid excessive use
Monitor for signs of superinfection
Monitor for signs of Steven johnsons disease
150
Q

What happens when a patient is allergic to antibiotics?

A

Allergic reactions begin with a rash

151
Q

Superinfections occur when using what type of antibiotic?

A

Broad spectrum or extended spectrum

152
Q

Which type of diabetic is not insulin Dependent?

A

Type 2

153
Q

What is the normal blood glucose range?

A

70-120 mL/dL

154
Q

Any blood glucose lower than what is too low and any blood glucose higher than what is too high

A

60 and 120

155
Q

What should the HbA1c be?

A

6.0% or less

156
Q

An A1c over what is considered correlated to renal damage?

A

12

157
Q

What can diabetes cause?

A

Neuropathy
Blindness
Inability to heal well

158
Q

If finger stick blood glucose is outside the normal range, what must be done?

A

Verified by blood sample

159
Q

What do sulfonylureas cause?

A

Photo sensitivity

160
Q

When you are diabetic, what must be avoided?

A

Limit complex carbs

161
Q

What is considered a high alert medication?

A

Insulin, must have another nurse verify

162
Q

What are the two rapid acting insulins?

A

Lispro

Aspart

163
Q

What is the meal time insulin at hospital?

A

Rapid acting-lispro, aspart

164
Q

Where is insulin given?

A

Fat pads

Back of arm
Upper thigh
Stomach

Grab up fat!

165
Q

What angle do you inject insulin?

A

Inject at 45 degree angle, on thinner patient ok to go in at 90 degrees

166
Q

Rapid acting insulin is considered what?

A

Sliding scale insulin

167
Q

When do you give rapid acting insulin?

A

15 minutes before eating or immediately after

168
Q

What is the peak for rapid acting insulin?

A

1-2 hours

169
Q

What is the duration of rapid acting insulin?

A

3-4 hours

170
Q

What is the name of the short acting insulin?

A

Regular

Humalin-R
Novolin-R

171
Q

What is the name of the immediate-acting insulin?

A

NPH

Humalin-N
Novolin-N

172
Q

What is the name of the long-acting insulin?

A

Glargine /detemir

Lantus/Levimir

173
Q

What are the two insulins that you can mix?

A

NPH/regular

174
Q

What insulin do you NOT mix?

A

Long acting-glargine/detemir

But can give short or rapid to help

175
Q

Which insulin is cloudy?

A

NPH

176
Q

Which insulin is clear?

A

Short acting

177
Q

Which insulin do you draw up first or you will contaminate?

A

Clear to cloudy!

178
Q

What is onset of long acting insulin?

A

3-4 hours

179
Q

What is the peak of long acting insulin?

A

3-14 hrs

180
Q

What is the duration of long acting insulin?

A

6-24 hrs, dose dependent

181
Q

What is onset of intermediate acting insulin?

A

2-4 hours

182
Q

What is peak of NPH insulin?

A

4-10 hours

183
Q

What is direction of NPH?

A

10-16 hours

184
Q

What is onset of regular insulin?

A

30-60 minutes

185
Q

What is the peak of regular insulin?

A

2-4 hours

186
Q

What is the duration of regular insulin?

A

5-7 hours

NUR 106 (6 decks)

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