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NUR 106 > Mod 2 Antianginals > Flashcards

Mod 2 Antianginals Flashcards

1
Q

What do anti-anginals treat?

A

They treat the symptoms, they do not address the root cause.

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2
Q

What is indication for anti-anginals?

A

Treatment and prevention-patients have cardiac insufficiency

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3
Q

How must nitro be stored and what must nurse do when administering? Why?

A

Cool dark place, wear gloves because med is a tiny sublingual pill and will absorb into hands

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4
Q

What doanti-anginals do?

A

Vasodilation

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5
Q

How can nitroglycerin be administered?

A

Sublingual and transdermal

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6
Q

What is dosing for acute nitro?

A

Take 1 SL tab wait 5 min, if no resolution, take another SL tab, wait 5 min, if still no resolution, take another tab and call 911.

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7
Q

What does it mean if 3 tabs of nitro Won’t resolve angina symptoms?

A

Complete blockage, need to call 911

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8
Q

What is onset of nitro?

A

1-3 min

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9
Q

What negative effects can nitro have?

A

Decreases BP and heart rate

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10
Q

What is PO version of nitro called?

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

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11
Q

If you are having an acute attack of angina, would you take PO?

A

No, don’t have time to wait and see if it works.

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12
Q

What else does isosorbide mononitrate help with beside angina?

A

CHF

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13
Q

Will NSAIDS help with cardic pain?

A

No, pain not due to inflammation, it’s due to lack of oxygen and aspirin doesn’t increase oxygen only decreases inflammation.

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14
Q

What is an arrhythmia?

A

Abnormal cardiac rhythm

Just because you have an abnormal rhythm does not mean you have an abnormal rate

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15
Q

What does an arrhythmia cause?

A

Dizziness, palpitations, SOB, fainting, fatigue

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16
Q

What are you at an increase risk of if you have an arrhythmia?

A

Heart attack, stroke, or blood clots

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17
Q

What does digoxin do?

A

Slows the heart rate and increases the force of contraction

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18
Q

How is digoxin administered?

A

PO IV IM

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19
Q

What are indications for digoxin?

A

A-fib

A-flutter

Atrial tachycardia

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20
Q

What increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?

A

Low electrolytes

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21
Q

What is the antidote for digoxin?

A

Immune Fab/Digibind

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of digoxin toxicity?

A

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, bradycardia, anorexia

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23
Q

What is the therapeutic serum range for digoxin?

A

.5-2 ng/mL

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24
Q

What are nursing management precautions for digoxin? 5 of them

A

Monitor apical pulse for one complete minute prior to administration

Monitor electrolytes (K+, Ca, Mg)

Periodic ECG monitoring

Falls precaution

Patient education

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25
Q

What is action of calcium channel blockers?

A

Blocks calcium entry into cells of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium which results in widening of vessels and easier cardiac pumping

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26
Q

What do calcium channel blockers prevent?

A

Coronary artery spasms

27
Q

What are the contraindications for CCB?

A

Bradycardia, heart block, uncontrolled arrhythmia

28
Q

What are 3 nursing management tasks for patients on CCB?

A

Monitor BP

Cardiac monitoring for angina and arrhythmia

Monitor for signs of CHF

29
Q

What are the nutritional restrictions for amlodipine?

A

None

30
Q

Which CCB interacts with digoxin?

A

Dilitiazem HCL—can cause digoxin toxicity

31
Q

How is amlodipine administered?

A

PO

32
Q

What should be avoided if taking a CCB?

A

Grape fruit juice

33
Q

What are the two CCBs?

A

Amlodipine

Diltiazem HCL

34
Q

If a patient already has a sick heart, should CCBs be taken?

A

No!!! Because pressure is needed so the effects of these drugs can cause CHF

35
Q

Where do beta 1 receptors lie?

A

Adrenergic receptors in heart

36
Q

Where do beta 2 receptors lie?

A

Adrenergic receptors in heart, uterus, and lungs

37
Q

If beta one is blocked what will happen?

A

Deceased HR, vasodilation, reduced AV conduction

38
Q

If beta 2 is blocked what happens?

A

Vasodilation, broncho vasculture constriction, uterine contractions

39
Q

What are contraindications for BB?

A

CHF, bronchospasms, heart block, bradyarrhythmias

40
Q

Should a patient take a non-selective BB?

A

No! Will cause broncho constriction

41
Q

What kind of drug is metoprolol tartrate?

A

Beta 1 selective beta blocker

42
Q

What type of drug is propranolol HCL?

A

Non-selective beta blocker

43
Q

What kind of drug is carvedilol?

A

Non-selective beta blocker

44
Q

How does angiotensin cascade work?

A

Angiotensin I is a protein that promotes release of aldosterone

Aldosterone causes angiotensin I to convert to angiotensin II and cause Vasoconstriction

45
Q

Which drugs would to be prescribed in African Americans alone?

A

ACE inhibitors, they will not work

46
Q

What kind of drug is benazepril?

A

ACE

47
Q

What is contraindicated for benazepril?

A

Angioedema

48
Q

What follows water out of cells?

A

Na +

49
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Excrete water and selective electrolytes

50
Q

What are indications for diuretics?

A

CHF, HTN, increased intra cranial/intra occular pressure

51
Q

What are contraindications for diuretics

A

Renal/hepatic disease

52
Q

What might diuretics cause?

A

Photosensitivity

53
Q

Where does furosemide work? What does this mean?

A

Works in loop of henle so it is not potassium sparing

Patient should be on high potassium diet

54
Q

What kind of drug is furosemide and how is it administered?

A

Diuretic and PO IV IM

55
Q

What kind of drug is spironolactone? How is it administered?

A

Diuretic, PO

56
Q

What type of diet should patients on spironolactone be on?

A

Low potassium because this drug is potassium sparing

57
Q

What is angina?

A

Chest pain caused by inadequate blood supply to heart

58
Q

How is HCTZ administered? Is it potassium sparing?

A

PO and no, it is not potassium sparing

59
Q

What is mannitol used for?

A

Hydrocephalus and intra cranial pressure

60
Q

What is administration of mannitol?

A

IV only, osmotic

61
Q

In addition to typical BP med monitoring, what else do you have to measure?

A

Weight, labs, intake and output

62
Q

If a patient is on furosemide and digoxin what do you have to be cautious of?

A

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance because low electrolytes can cause digoxin toxicity

63
Q

What is most important pediatric medication dosage consideration?

A

Weight

NUR 106 (6 decks)

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