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NUR 106 > Mod 2 > Flashcards

Mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does blood transport?

A

Nutrients and O2

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2
Q

How long does it take for a drop of blood to reach the heart again?

A

20 to 60 seconds

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3
Q

What is the mesh called that holds platelets together?

A

Fibrin

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4
Q

What is fibrin?

A

A protein that acts as a mesh and holds platelets together so they can clot.

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5
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Balance, this is why blood clots so the body can prevent bleeding and stay balanced.

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6
Q

What is aggregation?

A

Joining together of platelets

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7
Q

What is needed to convert fibrinagin to fibrin?

A

Prothrombin

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8
Q

What is the sequence for prothrombin?

A

Prothrombin to thrombin to fibrinagin to fibrin which is the mesh that holds platelets together to prevent bleeding.

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9
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

92%

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10
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

Albumin
Clotting agents
Proteins

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11
Q

What three things could affect how a person clots?

A

of platelets

Prothrombin to fibrin cascade

If platelets aren’t sticky enough

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12
Q

What is a pulmonary embolus?

A

A clot that has moved from somewhere in the body to the lungs.

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13
Q

What do clots do?

A

Occlude blood flow

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14
Q

How many platelets are there per cubic centimeter?

A

150,000-400,000

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15
Q

What is the number of platelets that will extend clotting time?

A

Less than 150,000

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16
Q

What is the number of platelets that will decrease clotting time?

A

400,000

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17
Q

If you already have a blood clot, will a blood thinner do anything to remove the clot?

A

No!! But it will prevent a clot from getting bigger!

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18
Q

What is the MOA of blood thinners?

A

Only PREVENT, they do not busy up a clot.

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19
Q

How are blood thinners administered?

A

PO SUB-q, IV

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20
Q

Which vitamin will act as a clotting agent?

A

Vitamin K, patients on blood thinners should eat low K diet, green leafy vegetables

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21
Q

Drawing a CBC will give the platelet count, true or false?

A

True

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22
Q

What is the range for PT?

A

12-13 seconds, no more than 15

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23
Q

What is the abnormal time for PT?

A

15 seconds

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24
Q

What Is the normal range for INR?

A

.8-1.2

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25
Q

What is ACT?

A

Time it takes for whole blood to clot

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26
Q

What is the normal range for ACT?

A

80-160 seconds

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27
Q

What does ACT stand for?

A

Activated coagulation time

28
Q

What is INR range for a person on Coumadin or warfarin?

A

2-3 seconds

29
Q

How much blood is in the body? Pints? Liters?

A

12 pints or 5 1/2 Liters

30
Q

How does blood clot?

A

Protein and platelets bind together to form a clot over injury

31
Q

What is thick blood?

A

Hypercoagulability-increased tendency for clotting of blood

32
Q

What are the causes of thick blood?

A

Hereditary, lupus, sickle cell, diabetes, stasis

33
Q

What are the diagnostics for thick blood?

A

Platelets counts and bleeding times, they would be high for platelets and bleeding time would be reduced

34
Q

What is the treatment for hypercoagulability?

A

Blood thinners

35
Q

What does an anticoagulant do?

A

Prevents coagulation (clotting) of blood

36
Q

What does an antiplatelet do?

A

Decreases platelet aggregation and prevents clot formation

37
Q

How can blood thinners be given?

A

Po, sub q, and IV

38
Q

What do blood thinners do?

A

Prevent clots, they do not bust them up.

39
Q

What are the contraindications for blood thinners?

A 
Bleeding disorders
Food interactions -Vitamin K
Intracranial bleeding
Med interactions-thrombolytics, NSAIDS
Active bleeding

GI ulcers

Procedures (dental,surgery)

40
Q

Name the antiplatelets

A

Clopidogrel

Aspirin

Dipyridamole and aspirin

41
Q

What do the antiplatelets protect against?

A

Heart attack and stroke

42
Q

Name the anticoagulants

A

Heparin sodium

LMWH, low molecular weight heparin

Warfarin (Coumadin)

43
Q

Name the new anticoagulants

A

Dabigatran etexilate

Rivaroxaban

Apixaban

44
Q

What drug is indicated for thromboembolic disorders?

A

Heparin

45
Q

How is heparin administered?

A

IV and sub q

46
Q

What labs are required for a patient on heparin?

A

aPTT, platelet count

47
Q

What are the indications for warfarin?

A

Thromboembolic disorders, MI, valve replacement

48
Q

What is administration of warfarin?

A

PO which is most common or IV

49
Q

What labs are needed for a patient on warfarin?

A

PT/INR

50
Q

What is indication for clopidogrel?

A

Reduction of atherosclerotic events

51
Q

What is administration of clopidogrel?

A

PO

52
Q

What labs are needed for patient on clopidogrel?

A

Bleeding time, platelet count

53
Q

What is indication for aspirin?

A

Prevention of TIA and MI

54
Q

What labs are needed for patients taking aspirin?

A

Bleeding time and platelet count

55
Q

What is indication for aspirin/dipyridomole?

A

Reduction of atherosclerotic events

56
Q

What labs are needed for a patient taking aspirin/dipyridomole?

A

Bleeding time:platelet count

57
Q

What is indication for rivaroxaban?

A

Prevention of thromboembolic events/A-fib

58
Q

What is indication for apixaban?

A

Prevention of thromboembolic events/A-fib

59
Q

What is indication for dabigatran?

A

Prevention of thromboembolic events/A-fib

60
Q

What labs are needed for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran?

A

None

61
Q

What does aPTT measure?

A

Time it takes for blood to clot

62
Q

What is normal range for aPTT?

A

30-50 seconds

63
Q

If your aPTT is very high what might this mean?

A

A bleed because blood is not clotting

64
Q

If a person has a 120 second aPTT this means too much heparin has been given. What is the antidote?

A

Protamine sulfate

65
Q

If a person is taking heparin and their aPTT is at 15 seconds, blood is still too thick. This is an indication the patient needs more what?

A

Heparin

NUR 106 (6 decks)

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