SYPHILIS Flashcards
1
Q
Principle of Syphilis
A
IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY
2
Q
Syphilis is a common ________
A
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED ILLNESS/ DISEASE
3
Q
Causative Agent of Syphilis
A
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM SUBS. PALLIDUM
4
Q
T. PALLIDUM UNDER THE FAMILY OF:
A
SPIROCHAETACEAE
5
Q
T. PALLIDUM IS A ______
A
SPIROCHETE
6
Q
T. PALLIDUM IS HIGHLY MOTILE BECAUSE OF ITS ______
A
PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA
7
Q
TRASMISSION OF SYPHILIS:
A
- DIRECT CONTACT (INCLUDING SEXUAL CONTACT)
- BLOOD TO BLOOD
3.BODY FLUIDS
4.ACROSS PLACENTA
8
Q
SYPHILIS AQUIRED THROUGH:
A
SEXUAL ACTIVITIES VAGINAL, ORAL, ANAL
9
Q
Different stages of Syphilis:
A
- PRIMARY
- SECONDARY
- LATENT
- TERTIARY
- CONGENITAL
10
Q
Characterized by the appearance of a painless sore called a chancre.
A
PRIMARY
11
Q
Involves a rash, fever, sore throat, and other symptoms
A
SECONDARY
12
Q
Divided into early (within a year of infection) and late (more than a year after infection) stages, with no symptoms present.
A
LATENT
13
Q
Most severe stage, causing damage to organs such as the heart, brain, and nerves
A
TERTIARY
14
Q
Transmission of the spirochete Treponema pallidum from the mother to the fetus, resulting in premature birth.
A
CONGENITAL
15
Q
An infection involving the central nervous system (CNS) and, unlike primary, secondary, and tertiary
syphilis can occur at any time after infection
A
NEUROSYPHILIS
16
Q
INCUBATION PERIOD:
T. pallidum enters the body, reaches the bloodstream, and is
disseminated to all organs. This early asymptomatic phase last _____
A
10 DAYS TO 10 WEEKS
17
Q
PRIMARY SYPHILIS
Initial lesion is a painless, nonbleeding ulcer called a ______
A
CHANCRE
18
Q
The chancre appears on average, ________after the initial infection
A
2-3 WEEKS
19
Q
Within ______ after the chancre appears, lymph node enlarge
A
1 WEEK
20
Q
Antibodies are produced ________ after the chancre appears
A
1-4 WEEKS
21
Q
________ANALYSIS of lesion demonstrates spirochetes.
A
DARKFIELD ANALYSIS
22
Q
CHANCRE – sores that are mostly painless, “__________” appearance
with a red and smooth based and visible scant serous secretion
A
PUNCHED OUT
23
Q
Spirochetes are present throughout the body during this stage
A
SECONDARY
24
Q
SECONDARY SYPHILIS
Symptoms (last ____ weeks) includes skin rashes, low-grade fever, malaise, weight loss, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy.
A
4-6 WEEKS
25
Serologic tests are positive
SECONDARY SYPHILIS
26
Condyloma Lata appears in what stage
SECONDARY SYPHILIS
27
Formed by coalescence or large, pale, flat – topped papules. Occurs in warm, moist areas such as the perianal area and are highly infectious
CONDYLOMA LATA
28
Existing but not yet developed
LATENT PHASE
29
Stage of syphilis with no signs or symptoms
LATENT PHASE
30
Nontreponemal and treponemal serologic test are positive.
LATENT PHASE
31
One in four individuals relapses into secondary syphilis.
EARLY LATENCY
32
The patient is resistant to reinfection and to relapses.
LATE LATENCY
33
Infection occurs more than 12 months ago
LATE LATENCY
34
Infection occurs within the past 12 months
EARLY LATENCY
35
TERTIARY SYPHILIS
Symptoms occur ________ after initial infection.
2-40 YEARS
36
Gummas appear in what stage
TERTIARY SYPHILIS
37
Syphilis lesion due to hypersensitivity reaction to
treponemal antigens are found throughout the body
TERTIARY SYPHILIS
38
Syphilitic aortitis, aortic valve insufficiency, and thoracic aneurysm are possible
TERTIARY SYPHILIS
39
TERTIARY SYPHILIS
______can cause blindness and senility.
NEUROSYPHILIS
40
Most common complication of late syphilis. May be single or
multiple, They are ordinarily indolent, slowly progressive, and indurated granulomata, with central healing and atrophic scar surrounded by hyperpigmented borders. Destructive but responds rapidly to treatment.
GUMMAS
41
Treponema pallidum can cross the placenta during any stage of the
disease
42
Infection of the fetus can causes late abortion, stillbirth, neonatal
death, neonatal disease, or latent infection
CONGENITAL SYPHYLIS
43
The outcome depends on the stage of the mother’s disease –
primary or secondary syphilis causing the worst outcome – and the age of the fetus at infection
CONGENITAL SYPHYLIS
44
If the mother receives treatment during the first ______ of
pregnancy, congenital syphilis is usually avoided.
4 MONTHS
45
_____________ presents in the neonate as diffuse maculopapular
desquamatous rash (particularly around the mouth and on the palms and soles), hemolytic anemia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly,
abnormal cartilage and bone involvement, and mental retardation
CONGENITAL SYPHYLIS
46
________diagnosis of syphilis is made by detection of T. pallidum in
CSF, umbilical cord, or skin or mucous membrane lesions – depending on the stage of the disease.
DEFINITIVE
47
Treponema pallidum is detected using __________ OR __________
DARKFIELD MICROSCOPY OR SILVER STAINS
48
A fluorescence labeled antibody is used to detect T. pallidum in lesions.
Direct fluorescent antibody-T pallidum (DFA-TP) test
49
_______________causes the host to produce nonspecific antibody, reagin, and specific treponemal antibodies
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM INFECTION
50
_______________ detect reagin and are only used for screening because this antibody will cross react with similar antigen present in SLE, autoimmune disease, pregnancy, and some chronic infections such as hepatitis. These condition can result in biologic false positives.
NON TREPONEMAL ANTIGEN TEST
51
(3) NON TREPONEMAL ANTIGEN TEST
1. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL),
2. Unheated serum reagin (USR),
3. Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) assays
52
The percentage of false positives in these test is high ______, so all reactive must be confirmed using a test that detects antibodies specifically directed at T. pallidum, so-called treponemal antigen tests
30^0%
53
Use T. pallidum cells as the antigen source
TREPONEMAL ANTIGEN TEST
54
(3) TREPONEMAL ANTIGEN TEST
1. Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS)
2. T. pallidum particulate agglutination (TP-PA)
3. Microhemagglutination T. pallidum tests.
55
WHAT ARE THE SCREENING TEST FOR SYPHILIS
1. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL),
2. Unheated serum reagin (USR),
3. Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) assays
56
WHAT ARE THE CONFIRMATORY TESTING OF SYPHILIS
1. Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS)
2. T. pallidum particulate agglutination (TP-PA)
3. Microhemagglutination T. pallidum tests.
57
This test measure the antibody (reagin) a patient has formed
against cardiolipin, cholesterol, and lecithin.
VDRL TEST (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test)
58
Test are read microscopically for flocculation. Results are reported
as NR (nonreactive), WR (Weak Reactive), or R (Reactive)
VDRL TEST (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test)
59
The VDRL test is positive______ weeks after the chancre or other
lesions appears
1-3 WEEKS
60
Mainly limited to use on CRF now, this is the only serologic test
approved for testing CSF.
VDRL TEST (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test)
61
A chemical process, thus no
techniques needed for mixing. Often a salt breakdown to release charges.
COAGULATION
62
A physical process, thus needs a
techniques for mixing. Often times a polymer induces the settling of the particles.
FLOCCULATION
63
This is a modified VDRL test in which choline-chloride EDTA is
added to the VDRL antigen
USR TEST (Unheated Serum Reagin)
64
The addition of this compound allows serum that has not been heat inactivated to be tested
USR TEST (Unheated Serum Reagin)
65
Macroscopic flocculation
RPR TEST (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
66
The assay uses VDRL antigen with charcoal particles. The antigen
is not attached to the charcoal as in latex agglutination assays. The
charcoal is trapped in the flocculation reaction, which allows the reaction to be seen macroscopically.
RPR TEST (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
67
The test can be qualitative or semiquantitative. Dilutions are made to semi quantify the amount of the antibody present.
RPR TEST (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
68
Treponemal antigen is combined with liposomes
TP-PA TEST (T. pallidum Particulate Agglutination)
69
If the antibodies are present, a mat of agglutination forms in wells of
a microtiter plate.
TP-PA TEST (T. pallidum Particulate Agglutination)
70
Principle: Indirect antibody test
FTA-ABS TEST (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption)
71
FTA-ABS TEST:
_____ strain of T. pallidum subsp. Pallidum is affixed into wells if
microscope slides.
NICHOL'S
72
Patient serum is heat inactivated.
FTA-ABS TEST (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption)
73
FTA-ABS TEST
Nontreponemal antibody is absorbed from patient serum with a sorbent of _______ strain of nonpathogenic treponeme.
REITER'S
74
____ are placed in the wells of the microscope slide.
SERA
75
FTA-ABS TEST
_______-labeled antihuman antibody is added
FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate)
76
Fluorescent reaction are graded 1 to 4+
FTA-ABS TEST (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption)
77
Primary Syphilis
LESIONS: ______
CHANCRE
78
Secondary Syphilis
LESIONS:______
CONDYLOMA LATA
79
Tertiary Syphilis
LESIONS: _______
GUMMAS
80
VDRL stands for:
VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCG LABORATORY
81
USR stands for:
UNHEATED SERUM REAGIN
82
RPR stands for:
RAPID PLASMA REAGIN
83
FTA-ABS stands for:
FLOURESCENT TREPONEMAL ANTIBODY ABSORPTION
84
TP-PA stands for:
T. PALLIDUM PARTICULATE AGGLUTINATION
85
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF MAIN COMPONENTS:
GOLD CONJUGATES (2)
1. RECOMBINANT T. PALLIDUM ANTIGENS
2. GOLD COLLOID
86
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF MAIN COMPONENTS:
TEST LINE (1)
1. RECOMBINANT TREPONEMA PALLIDUM ANTIGENS
87
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF MAIN COMPONENTS:
CONTROL LINE (1)
GOAT ANTI TREPONEMA PALLIDUM SERUM
88
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF MAIN COMPONENTS:
ASSAY DILUENT (2)
1. 50MM TRIS HCL BUFFER
2. SODIUM AZIDE
89
The Bioline Syphilis 3.0 test kits or its components should be stored at temperature between _______. Do not FREEZE the kit or its components.
2 C and 30 C
90
Assay Diluent kept at _____
2-30 C
