ASO Flashcards by DANIELA ANAMARIE V. BORDON

ASO stands for :

ANTI-STREPTOLYSIN O

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Diseases causes by your ________ bacteria

STREPTOCOCCI

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Responsible for your sore throat infection:

STREPTOCCOCI INFECTION

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Commonly the causes of sore throat are _____

VIRUSES

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If sore throat is not treated it could possibly lead to (3)

SCARLET FEVER
RHEUMATIC FEVER
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
Scarlet Fever

RED RASHES

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
Rheumatic Fever

CARDIAC ISSUES

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
Glomerulonephritis

KIDNEY PROBLEMS

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_________ is a hemolytic factor produced by
most strains of Group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci (S. pyogenes)

STREPTOLYSIN O

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are gram-positive cocci in chain, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes

STREPTOCOCCI

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ASO produce toxin like streptolysin O and streptolysin S
as well as enzymes like _____(1) and ______(2)

DNAase
Streptokinase.

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Streptolysin O, the O stands for ___

OXYGEN LABILE

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Streptolysin S, the S stand for

OXYGEN STABLE

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Both toxins are involved in producing hemolysis,
in particular

Beta-hemolysis (clear & complete)

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Specific neutralizing antibody produced after
infection with these organisms and it appears in serum from __________ the onset of a streptococcal infection.

1 WEEK- 1 MONTH AFTER

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It combines and neutralizes the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O

ASO

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ASO Normal Range Children:

< 150 IU/mL

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ASO Normal Range Adult:

<200 IU/mL

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HEMOLYSIS MARKINGS:
Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus

CLEAR / COMPLETE HEMOLYSIS

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HEMOLYSIS MARKINGS:
Alpha-Hemolytic Streptococcus-

PARTIAL/ INCOMPLETE/ GREEN HEMOLYSIS

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HEMOLYSIS MARKINGS:
Gamma-Hemolytic Streptococcus

NO HEMOLYSIS

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Alpha Hemolytic bacteria’s:

Strep Pneumoniae
Strep Viridans

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Test use to Differentiate Strep Pneumoniae and Viridans

OPTOCHIN TEST

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Streptoccus pneumoniae is ________(1) while
Streptococcus viridans is optochin ______(2) & bile insoluble

PNEUMONIAE - MORE SENSITIVE
VIRIDANS- RESISTANT

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Gamma-hemolytic Streptococci belongs to _______

ENTEROCOCCUS

Beta-hemolytic Streptococci is divided into 2 groups:

GROUP A- Streptococcus pyogenes GROUP B- Streptococcus agalactiae

Test use to differentiate the two groups A and B:

BACITRACIN TEST AND CAMP TEST

In BACITRACIN TEST Group A is _____(1) , Group B is ______(2)

1.GROUP A - SENSITIVE 2. GROUP B- RESISTANT

In CAMP TEST Group A is CAMP _______(1), Group B is CAMP _______(2)

1.GROUP A - NEGATIVE 2. GROUP B- POSITIVE

Standard method for your Group B Streptococcus Serotype determination

LANCEFIELD PRECIPITATION TEST

CAMP TEST stands for:

Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen Test

Streptolysin O- can only be active in _________

REDUCED STATE

Streptolysin S- can be active both in ______(1) and _____(2)

1. REDUCED 2. OXIDIZED

Who is Antigenic and Non-Antigenic?

Streptolysin O- ANTIGENIC Streptolysin S- NON-ANTIGENIC

_______ causes the complete hemolysis of your blood agar

STREPTOKINASE ENZYME

______ specify your chromatin breakdown during apoptosis or necrosis

DNAase

Anti-streptolysin O test is used to diagnose conditions from a streptococcal infection especially in: (2)

1. Rheumatic fever 2. Glomerulonephritis

Antibodies ______begin to appear in patient serum days after infection. The antibody may be detected in the blood for weeks or months after the primary source of infection has eradicated

IgG

Incidence ______ as the time ______

Incidence DECREASES as the time INCREASES

REMEMBER !!!AVOID ________ AT ALL TIMES

HEMOLYSIS/ HEMOLYZED SAMPLE

What are the (6) causes of HEMOLYZED sample?

1. Incorrect needle size 2. Excessive suction/aspiration 3. Improper tube mixing 4. Prolonged tourniquet application 5.Improper tube filling 6. Difficulty in extraction

What is the principle of ASO?

AGGLUTINATION

It is a specific neutralizing antibody produced after infection with these organisms and it appears in serum from ________ after the onset of a streptococcal infection.

1 week – 1 month

It combines and _______ the hemolytic activity of streptolysin O.

neutralizes

Above levels of ASO means body is reacting to certain _______

VIRAL INFECTION

The antibody levels begin to rise after __________ of strep infection, peaks in __________and falls back to insignificant levels in _______

RISE- 1 TO 3 WEEKS PEAKS- 3 TO 5 WEEKS FALLS - 6 MONTHS

Time collection is important to avoid _______

FALSE RESULT

Best way to confirm false results/ best confirmatory testing

Anti-DNAse test

Use to determine the organisms ability to hydrolyze the DNA and use it as carbon and energy for growth.

Anti- DNAse test

Anti-streptolysin O can react specifically with _____ and inhibits the hemolytic activity

SLO (Streptolysin O)

The amount of ASO can be estimated by ________ of patient’s serum in the presence of constant amount of SLO to the point where there is still complete prevention of hemolysis

DILUTION

The occurrence of ASO depends on the production of _______ by streptococci in the infected host

SLO (Streptolysin O)

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE TESTS (ASO)

1. ASO LATEX SLIDE TEST 2. ASO TITRATION TEST 3. RAPID ASO LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST

Test used for screening a significant raise in ASO titer

ASO LATEX SLIDE TEST

Used to determine the titer of ASO antibody

ASO TITRATION TEST

RAPID TEST THAT HAS this principle Principle: In the presence of ASO antibody, a visible AGGLUTINATION REACTION will be exhibited when a serum specimen combine with latex particle coated with streptolysin O antigen

RAPID ASO LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST

Specimen should be _____ that is clear and hemolysis free.

SERUM

Reagent are _____ until stated expiration date.

STABLE

Must be refrigerated _____°C

2-8°C

DO NOT FREEZE

Do not use the latex reagent or controls if the become _______

CONTAMINATED

Use _______ collected by centrifuging clotted blood.

FRESH SERUM

If the test cannot be carried out on the same day, store the specimen for _______

7 days at 2-8 °C

If it will not be used for 3 months or more, store at ______

-20 C.

For longer period the sample must be _______

FROZEN

As in all serological test, hemolytic or contaminated serum must ____be used.

NOT

DO NOT USE ____ IN ASO TESTING

PLASMA

COMPOSITION: ASO Latex: Suspension of WHITE LATEX PARTICLES coated with _________ . The ASO latex sensitivity is calibrated against International Standard from NIBS ASO, Ph 8.2 and preservative

STREPTOLYSIN O

COMPOSITION: ASO POSITIVE CONTROL

1. HUMAN SERUM WITH ASO >200IU/ML 2. PRESERVATIVE

COMPOSITION: ASO NEGATIVE CONTROL

1. ANIMAL SERUM 2. PRESERVATIVE