Synthetic routes- reactions and conditions Flashcards
1
Q
dihalogenoalkane to diol
A
- Aqeous KOH
- heat under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
2
Q
alkene to dihalogenoalkane
A
- X2
- room temp
- electrophilic addition
3
Q
alkene to polyalkene
A
- high pressure
- catalyst
4
Q
alkane to halogenoalkane
A
- X2
- U.V light
- free radical substitution
5
Q
alkene to halogenoalkane
A
- HBr or HCl
- room temp
- electrophilic addition
6
Q
halogenoalkane to alkene
A
- ethanolic KOH
- heat under reflux
- elimination
7
Q
halogenoalkane to alcohol
A
- aqeous KOH
- heat under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
8
Q
alkene to alcohol
A
- Step 1: conc sulfuric acid, electrophilic addition
- Step 2: H2O warm, hydrolysis
9
Q
alcohol to alkene
A
- concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phoisphoric acid
- elimination/dehydration
10
Q
halogenoalkane to primary amine
A
- Alcoholic (ethanolic) ammonia
- heat under pressure
- nucleophilic subsitution
11
Q
halogenoalkane to nitrile
A
- KCN in ethanol/water
- heat under reflux
- nucleophilic substitution
12
Q
nitrile to primary amine
A
- LiAlH4 in ether (or H2 and nickel)
- reduction
13
Q
primary amine to secondary/tertiary amine
A
- halogenoalkane
- nucleophilic substitution
14
Q
primary amine to secondary amide/N-substituted amide
A
- acyl chloride
- room temp
- nucleophilic addition-elimination
15
Q
alcohol to ester
A
- carboxylic acid & H2SO4
- heat
- esterification
