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Organic Chemistry > Synthetic routes- reactions and conditions > Flashcards

Synthetic routes- reactions and conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

dihalogenoalkane to diol

A
  • Aqeous KOH
  • heat under reflux
  • nucleophilic substitution
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2
Q

alkene to dihalogenoalkane

A
  • X2
  • room temp
  • electrophilic addition
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3
Q

alkene to polyalkene

A
  • high pressure
  • catalyst
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4
Q

alkane to halogenoalkane

A
  • X2
  • U.V light
  • free radical substitution
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5
Q

alkene to halogenoalkane

A
  • HBr or HCl
  • room temp
  • electrophilic addition
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6
Q

halogenoalkane to alkene

A
  • ethanolic KOH
  • heat under reflux
  • elimination
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7
Q

halogenoalkane to alcohol

A
  • aqeous KOH
  • heat under reflux
  • nucleophilic substitution
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8
Q

alkene to alcohol

A
  • Step 1: conc sulfuric acid, electrophilic addition
  • Step 2: H2O warm, hydrolysis
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9
Q

alcohol to alkene

A
  • concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phoisphoric acid
  • elimination/dehydration
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10
Q

halogenoalkane to primary amine

A
  • Alcoholic (ethanolic) ammonia
  • heat under pressure
  • nucleophilic subsitution
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11
Q

halogenoalkane to nitrile

A
  • KCN in ethanol/water
  • heat under reflux
  • nucleophilic substitution
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12
Q

nitrile to primary amine

A
  • LiAlH4 in ether (or H2 and nickel)
  • reduction
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13
Q

primary amine to secondary/tertiary amine

A
  • halogenoalkane
  • nucleophilic substitution
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14
Q

primary amine to secondary amide/N-substituted amide

A
  • acyl chloride
  • room temp
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
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15
Q

alcohol to ester

A
  • carboxylic acid & H2SO4
  • heat
  • esterification
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16
Q

ketone to alcohol

A
  • NaBH4
  • reduction
  • nucleophilic addition
17
Q

secondary alcohol to ketone

A
  • H+/Na2Cr2O7
  • heat
  • oxidation
18
Q

primary alchohol to aldehyde

A
  • H+/Na2Cr2O7
  • heat and distill
  • partial oxidation
19
Q

aldehyde to alcohol

A
  • NaBH4
  • reduction
  • nucleophilic addition
20
Q

ketone to hydroxynitrile

A
  • NaCN and sulfuric acid
  • Nucleophilic addition
21
Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A
  • NaCN and sulphuric acid
  • nucleophilic addition
22
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A
  • H+/k2Cr2O7
  • heat under reflux
  • excess oxidising agent
    oxidation
23
Q

primary alcohol to carboxylic acid

A
  • H+/k2Cr2O7
  • heat under reflux
  • excess oxidising agent
    oxidation
24
Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A
  • Alchohol and conc sulphuric acid
  • heat
  • esterification
25
Q

acyl chloride/acid anhydride to ester

A
  • alcohol
  • room temp
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
26
Q

acyl chloride/acid anhydride to carboxylic acid

A
  • H20
  • room temp
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
27
Q

acyl chloride/acid anhydride to primary amide

A
  • ammonia
  • room temp
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
28
Q

acyl chloride/acid anhydride to secondary amide

A
  • primary amine
  • room temp
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
29
Q

ester to alchohol and sodium carboxylate salt

A
  • dilute aqeous NaOH
  • heat under reflux
  • hydrolysis
  • saponification (as salt is produced)
30
Q

benzene to nitrobenzene

A
  • conc nitric acid and conc sulphuric acid
  • electrophilic substitution
31
Q

nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A
  • Sn and HCl
  • reduction
32
Q

phenylamine to secondary amine

A
  • haloalkane
  • nucleophilic subsitution
33
Q

phenylamine to N-subsituted amide with phenyl group

A
  • acyl chloride
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
34
Q

benzene to acylated benzene

A
  • acyl chloride
  • anhyydrous aluminium chloride catalyst
  • electrophilic subsitution

Organic Chemistry (14 decks)

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