Key terms/definitions 1&2 Flashcards
Addition reaction
Reaction where a molecule joins to to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule
Aliphatic
Organic compounds containing C chains and branches
Aromatic
Organic compounds containing one or more benzene rings
Carbocation
A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom
Cyclic
Organic compounds containing C rings
Dehydration
Elimination of water
Dehydrogenation
Elimination of hydrogen
Electrophile
Lone pair acceptor
Elimination reaction
Reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule
Free radical
Species with an unpaired electron
Functional group
The part of the molecule that determines how it reacts
Homologous series
A series of organic molecules that have the same functional group but each successive member has an additional -CH2
Hydration
Addition of water
Hydrocarbon
A molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Hydrogenation
Addition of hydrogen
Hydrolysis
A reaction involving the breaking of bonds due to reaction with water
Nucleophile
Lone pair donor
Organic chemistry
Study of compounds containing carbon
Saturated molecule
A molecule containing no double bonds
Stereoisomers
Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different spatial arrangement of atoms
Geometric isomers
Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which have a different arrangement of groups around the C=C
Optical isomers
Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images
Structural isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
Chain isomers
Type of structural isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain
Position isomers
Type of structural isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having the functional group in a different position
Functional group isomers
Type of structural isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having a different functional group
Substitution reaction
Reaction where an atom/group replaces a different atom/group
Unsaturated molecule
Molecule containing double bond(s)
Molecular formula
Formula that gives the actual number of atoms off each element in one molecule.
How do we write molecular formula
We first show number of carbon atoms, followed by hydrogen atoms, followed by all other elements in alphabetical order
Empirical formula
The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound
Displayed formula
The displayed formula shows us the relative position of each atom, plus all of the covalent bonds.
Structural formula
The structural formula shows how atoms are arranged, but does not show the bonds. It needs to show the atoms bonded to each carbon atom in turn
Skeletal formula
Shows the covalent bonds between the carbon atoms plus the bonds to any functional groups.
General formula
The simplest algebraic formula for a member of a homologous series. It shows the number of atoms of each element per n carbon atoms.
Define electronegativity
Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons towards itself.
