Key terms/definitions 1&2

Question 1

Addition reaction

Answer 1

Reaction where a molecule joins to to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule

Question 2

Aliphatic

Answer 2

Organic compounds containing C chains and branches

Question 3

Aromatic

Answer 3

Organic compounds containing one or more benzene rings

Question 4

Carbocation

Answer 4

A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom

Question 5

Cyclic

Answer 5

Organic compounds containing C rings

Question 6

Dehydration

Answer 6

Elimination of water

Question 7

Dehydrogenation

Answer 7

Elimination of hydrogen

Question 8

Electrophile

Answer 8

Lone pair acceptor

Question 9

Elimination reaction

Answer 9

Reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule

Question 10

Free radical

Answer 10

Species with an unpaired electron

Question 11

Functional group

Answer 11

The part of the molecule that determines how it reacts

Question 12

Homologous series

Answer 12

A series of organic molecules that have the same functional group but each successive member has an additional -CH2

Question 13

Hydration

Answer 13

Addition of water

Question 14

Hydrocarbon

Answer 14

A molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 15

Hydrogenation

Answer 15

Addition of hydrogen

Question 16

Hydrolysis

Answer 16

A reaction involving the breaking of bonds due to reaction with water

Question 17

Nucleophile

Answer 17

Lone pair donor

Question 18

Organic chemistry

Answer 18

Study of compounds containing carbon

Question 19

Saturated molecule

Answer 19

A molecule containing no double bonds

Question 20

Stereoisomers

Answer 20

Molecules with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 21

Geometric isomers

Answer 21

Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which have a different arrangement of groups around the C=C

Question 22

Optical isomers

Answer 22

Type of stereoisomerism: molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images

Question 23

Structural isomers

Answer 23

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 24

Chain isomers

Answer 24

Type of structural isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having a different carbon chain

Question 25

Position isomers

Answer 25

Type of structural isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having the functional group in a different position

Question 26

Functional group isomers

Answer 26

Type of structural isomerism: Structural isomers that differ by having a different functional group

Question 27

Substitution reaction

Answer 27

Reaction where an atom/group replaces a different atom/group

Question 28

Unsaturated molecule

Answer 28

Molecule containing double bond(s)

Question 29

Molecular formula

Answer 29

Formula that gives the actual number of atoms off each element in one molecule.

Question 30

How do we write molecular formula

Answer 30

We first show number of carbon atoms, followed by hydrogen atoms, followed by all other elements in alphabetical order

Question 31

Empirical formula

Answer 31

The empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound

Question 32

Displayed formula

Answer 32

The displayed formula shows us the relative position of each atom, plus all of the covalent bonds.

Question 33

Structural formula

Answer 33

The structural formula shows how atoms are arranged, but does not show the bonds. It needs to show the atoms bonded to each carbon atom in turn

Question 34

Skeletal formula

Answer 34

Shows the covalent bonds between the carbon atoms plus the bonds to any functional groups.

Question 35

General formula

Answer 35

The simplest algebraic formula for a member of a homologous series. It shows the number of atoms of each element per n carbon atoms.

Question 36

Define electronegativity

Answer 36

Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons towards itself.