Synthetic Routes - Organix Flashcards
Alkene -> Alkane
add H2 and Nickel catalyst
Alkane -> Haloalkane
add Halogen + UV
Haloalkane -> Alcohol
add aqueous NaOH
Alcohol -> Alkene
add sulfuric acid and heat
Alkene -> Alcohol
add water with acid catalyst
primary alcohol -> aldehyde
add potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) with acid catalyst under distillation
secondary alcohol -> ketone
add potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) with acid catalyst under reflux
Aldehyde -> primary Alcohol
add sodium borohydride (NaBH4)
primary alcohol -> carboxylic acid
add potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) with acid catalyst under reflux
ketone -> secondary alcohol
add NaBH4
carboxylic acid -> ester
add alcohol with heat
ester -> carboxylic acid
add dilute acid under heat
alcohol -> ester
add carboxylic acid OR acid anhydride ( both with acid catalyst)
carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride
add SOCl2 (thionyl chloride)
acyl chloride -> carboxylic acid
add H2O
haloalkane -> nitrile
CN- ion + ethanol
Nitrile -> amine
H2 + nickel catalyst
Nitrile -> carboxylic acid
H2O with acid catalyst under heat
Aldehyde -> hydroxynitrile
add NaCN(aq) with acid catalyst
Ketone -> hydroxynitrile
add NaCN(aq) with acid catalyst
hydroxynitrile -> amine
H2 with nickel catalyst
hydroxynitrile -> carboxylic acid
H2O with acid catalyst under heat
haloalkane -> amine
NH3 with ethanol
alkene -> haloalkane
hydrogen halide (e.g. HBr)
Alcohol -> alkane
sodium halide + acid catalyst
acyl chloride -> ester
alcohol
acyl chloride -> primary amide
NH3
acyl chloride -> secondary amide
primary amide
ester -> carboxylate
OH-