Synthetic Routes (completed)

Question 1

Alkane → Haloalkane

Answer 1

Halogen
UV Light
Free radical substitution

Question 2

Alkene → Alkane

Answer 2

H2
Ni Catalyst
Heat

Question 3

Alkene → Haloalkane

Answer 3

HX (hydrogen halide)

Question 4

Alkene → Dihaloalkane

Answer 4

Halogen

Electrophilic addition

Question 5

Alkene → Alcohol

Answer 5

Steam

H3PO4 catalyst

Question 6

Alcohol → Haloalkane

Answer 6

NaX (sodium halide)

H2SO4

Question 7

Alcohol → Alkene

Answer 7

Conc. H2SO4 catalyst

Heat

Question 8

Haloalkane → Alcohol

Answer 8

NaOH
H2O
Reflux
Warm

Question 9

Haloalkane → Amine

Answer 9

Excess ethanolic NH3

Heat

Question 10

Haloalkane → Nitrile

Answer 10

NaCN
Ethanol
Reflux

Question 11

Nitrile → Carboxylic acid

Answer 11

Dilute HCl
H2O
Reflux

Question 12

Hydroxynitrile → Amine

Answer 12

H2
Ni catalyst
Heat

Question 13

Aldehyde/Ketone → Hydroxynitrile

Answer 13

HCN

Question 14

Aldehyde → Carboxylic Acid

Answer 14

H+ / K2Cr2O7

Reflux

Question 15

Carboxylic acid → Acyl chloride

Answer 15

SOCl2

Question 16

Acyl Chloride → Carboxylic Acid

Answer 16

H2O

Question 17

Acyl Chloride → Amide

Answer 17

1° NH3

2° amine

Question 18

Aldehyde/Ketone → Alcohol

Answer 18

NaBH4

H2O

Question 19

Alcohol → Aldehyde/Ketone

Answer 19

H+ / K2Cr2O7
Aldehyde: distillation primary
Ketone: reflux secondary

Question 20

Alcohol → Ester

Answer 20

1. Carboxylic acid, acid catalyst, heat
2. Acid anhydride, acid catalyst
3. Acyl chloride, acid catalyst

Question 21

Ester → Alcohol

Answer 21

1. H+, H2O, Reflux

2. OH-, Reflux (forms a carboxylate salt instead of an acid)

Question 22

Carboxylic acid → Ester

Answer 22

Alcohol
Acid catalyst
Heat

Question 23

Ester → Carboxylic acid

Answer 23

1. H+, H2O, Reflux

2. OH-, Reflux (forms a carboxylate salt instead of an acid)

Question 24

Nitrile → Amine

Answer 24

H2
Ni catalyst
Heat

Question 25

Hydroxynitrile → Carboxylic acid

Answer 25

Dilute HCl
H2O
Reflux

Question 26

Acyl Chloride → Ester

Answer 26

Alcohol

Acid catalyst

Question 27

Benzene → Nitrobenzene

Answer 27

Conc. HNO3
Conc. H2SO4 catalyst
Warm

Question 28

Nitrobenzene → Phenylamine

Answer 28

Tin
Concentrated HCl
Reflux
then NaOH

Question 29

Benzene → Alkyl Benzene

Answer 29

Alkylation
Alkyl Chloride
Halogen Carrier Catalyst
Reflux

Question 30

Benzene → Phenylketone

Answer 30

Acylation:
Acyl chloride
Halogen carrier catalyst
Reflux

Question 31

Benzene → Halobenzene

Answer 31

Halogen

Halogen carrier catalyst

Question 32

Phenol → Sodium Phenoxide

Answer 32

Na or NaOH

Question 33

Phenol → Bromophenol

Answer 33

Br2

Question 34

Phenol → Nitrophenol

Answer 34

Dilute HNO3 (for mono substitution)

Question 35

Phenol → Phenyl Ester

Answer 35

Acyl chloride

Question 36

What type of reaction is benzene → cyclohexane?

Answer 36

Hydrogenation

Question 37

What type of reaction is alkene → alkane?

Answer 37

Hydrogenation

Question 38

What type of reaction is alkene → haloalkane?

Answer 38

Electrophilic addition

Question 39

What type of reaction is alkane→ haloalkane?

Answer 39

Free radical substitution

Question 40

What type of reaction is alkene → alcohol?

Answer 40

Hydration

Question 41

What type of reaction is haloalkane → alcohol?

Answer 41

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 42

What type of reaction is alcohol → haloalkane?

Answer 42

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 43

What type of reaction is alcohol → ketone?

Answer 43

Oxidation

Question 44

What type of reaction is haloalkane → nitrile?

Answer 44

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 45

What type of reaction is nitrile → amine?

Answer 45

Reduction

Question 46

What type of reaction is aldehyde/ketone → hydroxynitrile?

Answer 46

Nucleophilic addition

Question 47

What type of reaction is aldehyde/ketone → alcohol?

Answer 47

Nucleophilic addition