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Chemistry :) > Synthetic Routes (completed) > Flashcards

Synthetic Routes (completed) Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane → Haloalkane

A

Halogen
UV Light
Free radical substitution

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2
Q

Alkene → Alkane

A

H2
Ni Catalyst
Heat

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3
Q

Alkene → Haloalkane

A

HX (hydrogen halide)

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4
Q

Alkene → Dihaloalkane

A

Halogen

Electrophilic addition

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5
Q

Alkene → Alcohol

A

Steam

H3PO4 catalyst

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6
Q

Alcohol → Haloalkane

A

NaX (sodium halide)

H2SO4

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7
Q

Alcohol → Alkene

A

Conc. H2SO4 catalyst

Heat

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8
Q

Haloalkane → Alcohol

A

NaOH
H2O
Reflux
Warm

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9
Q

Haloalkane → Amine

A

Excess ethanolic NH3

Heat

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10
Q

Haloalkane → Nitrile

A

NaCN
Ethanol
Reflux

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11
Q

Nitrile → Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute HCl
H2O
Reflux

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12
Q

Hydroxynitrile → Amine

A

H2
Ni catalyst
Heat

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13
Q

Aldehyde/Ketone → Hydroxynitrile

A

HCN

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14
Q

Aldehyde → Carboxylic Acid

A

H+ / K2Cr2O7

Reflux

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15
Q

Carboxylic acid → Acyl chloride

A

SOCl2

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16
Q

Acyl Chloride → Carboxylic Acid

A

H2O

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17
Q

Acyl Chloride → Amide

A

1° NH3

2° amine

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18
Q

Aldehyde/Ketone → Alcohol

A

NaBH4

H2O

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19
Q

Alcohol → Aldehyde/Ketone

A

H+ / K2Cr2O7
Aldehyde: distillation primary
Ketone: reflux secondary

20
Q

Alcohol → Ester

A
  1. Carboxylic acid, acid catalyst, heat
  2. Acid anhydride, acid catalyst
  3. Acyl chloride, acid catalyst
21
Q

Ester → Alcohol

A
  1. H+, H2O, Reflux

2. OH-, Reflux (forms a carboxylate salt instead of an acid)

22
Q

Carboxylic acid → Ester

A

Alcohol
Acid catalyst
Heat

23
Q

Ester → Carboxylic acid

A
  1. H+, H2O, Reflux

2. OH-, Reflux (forms a carboxylate salt instead of an acid)

24
Q

Nitrile → Amine

A

H2
Ni catalyst
Heat

25
Q

Hydroxynitrile → Carboxylic acid

A

Dilute HCl
H2O
Reflux

26
Q

Acyl Chloride → Ester

A

Alcohol

Acid catalyst

27
Q

Benzene → Nitrobenzene

A

Conc. HNO3
Conc. H2SO4 catalyst
Warm

28
Q

Nitrobenzene → Phenylamine

A

Tin
Concentrated HCl
Reflux
then NaOH

29
Q

Benzene → Alkyl Benzene

A

Alkylation
Alkyl Chloride
Halogen Carrier Catalyst
Reflux

30
Q

Benzene → Phenylketone

A

Acylation:
Acyl chloride
Halogen carrier catalyst
Reflux

31
Q

Benzene → Halobenzene

A

Halogen

Halogen carrier catalyst

32
Q

Phenol → Sodium Phenoxide

A

Na or NaOH

33
Q

Phenol → Bromophenol

A

Br2

34
Q

Phenol → Nitrophenol

A

Dilute HNO3 (for mono substitution)

35
Q

Phenol → Phenyl Ester

A

Acyl chloride

36
Q

What type of reaction is benzene → cyclohexane?

A

Hydrogenation

37
Q

What type of reaction is alkene → alkane?

A

Hydrogenation

38
Q

What type of reaction is alkene → haloalkane?

A

Electrophilic addition

39
Q

What type of reaction is alkane→ haloalkane?

A

Free radical substitution

40
Q

What type of reaction is alkene → alcohol?

A

Hydration

41
Q

What type of reaction is haloalkane → alcohol?

A

Nucleophilic substitution

42
Q

What type of reaction is alcohol → haloalkane?

A

Nucleophilic substitution

43
Q

What type of reaction is alcohol → ketone?

A

Oxidation

44
Q

What type of reaction is haloalkane → nitrile?

A

Nucleophilic substitution

45
Q

What type of reaction is nitrile → amine?

A

Reduction

46
Q

What type of reaction is aldehyde/ketone → hydroxynitrile?

A

Nucleophilic addition

47
Q

What type of reaction is aldehyde/ketone → alcohol?

A

Nucleophilic addition

Chemistry :) (17 decks)

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