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Chemistry :) > 2.1 Atoms and Reactions (completed) > Flashcards

2.1 Atoms and Reactions (completed) Flashcards

2.1.1 Atomic structure and isotopes 2.1.2 Compounds, formulae and equations 2.1.3 Amount of a substance 2.1.4 Acids 2.1.5 Redox Reactions

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1
Q

What are isotopes?

A

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

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2
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

weighted mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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3
Q

What are the common molecular ions you must remember?

A

NO 3–, CO3 2–, SO4 2–, OH–, NH4+, Zn2+ and Ag+

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4
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

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5
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

The actual number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

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6
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A 
pV=nRT
p - pressure (Pa)
V - volume (m^3)
n - number of moles (mol)
R - ideal gas constant (J/mol/K)
T - temperature (K)
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7
Q

What is the formula of common acids you need to know?

A

HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 and CH3COOH

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8
Q

What is the formula of common alkalis you need to know?

A

NaOH, KOH and NH3

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9
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that completely dissociates in water

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10
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that partially dissociates in water

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11
Q

Acid + Base

A

Salt + Water

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12
Q

Acid + Carbonate

A

Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide

A

Salt + Water

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14
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide

A

Salt + Water

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15
Q

What is the oxidation number of manganese in Manganese (IV) Oxide?

A

+4

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16
Q

What is oxidation or reduction?

A

Oxidation increase in oxidation number or loss of electrons and vice versa

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17
Q

What is the oxidation number of an element?

A

0

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18
Q

What is the oxidation number of an ion?

A

It’s charge

19
Q

When is the oxidation number of oxygen not normal?

A

-1 in peroxides and +2 F2O

20
Q

When is the oxidation number of chlorine not normal?

A

+1 with flourine or oxygen

21
Q

When is the oxidation number of hydrogen not normal?

A

-1 in metal hydrides

22
Q

What is Avogadro’s Constant?

A

The number of atoms in one mole of a substance

23
Q

What is a mole?

A

The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are particles in 12g of the carbon-12 isotope.

24
Q

What is the equation for the number of moles of a substance?

A

moles = mass / Mr

25
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

The number of atoms of each element in a molecule

26
Q

In hydrated salts, what is the name given to water molecules?

A

Water of crystillisation

27
Q

What is the concentration of a solute?

A

The amount of solute (in moles) dissolved in each 1dm^3 of solution

28
Q

What is the equation for finding a solution’s concentration?

A

Concentration = moles / volume

29
Q

What is the ideal gas equation?

A 
pV=nRT
p - pressure (Pa)
V - volume (m^3)
n - number of moles (mol)
R - ideal gas constant (J/mol/K)
T - temperature (K)
30
Q

What are standard conditions?

A

298K
100kPa or 1 atm of pressure
1.0 mol dm-3

31
Q

What is percentage yield?

A

Actual yield
———————— x100
Theoretical yield

32
Q

Why is the theoretical yield so hard to achieve?

A

Reaction is incomplete.
Competing side reactions giving different products.
Loss of product in handling and purification.
Reversible reaction.

33
Q

What is atom economy?

A

Molar mass of desired products divided by the sum of the molar masses of all products, expressed as a percentage.

34
Q

What are the benefits of a high atom economy?

A

Produce a larger proportion of desired products and few waste products.
Important for sustainability, best use of natural resources.

35
Q

What is the gas and mole equation in standard conditions?

A

moles = volume / 24

36
Q

What is water of crystalisation?

A

The water used to hydrate salts; to make anydrous salts you need to heat them.
e.g. CaCl2.6H2O

37
Q

What is a Standard Solution?

A

A solution with a known concentration

38
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

39
Q

What is relative isotopic mass?

A

The mass of an atom compared to 1/2th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

40
Q

What is the relative molecular mass?

A

The weighted mean mass of a molecule compared to 1/2th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

41
Q

What is the relative formula mass?

A

The weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared to 1/2th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

42
Q

What state is an acid always?

A

Aqueous

43
Q

What is an alkali?

A

Soluble bases that release OH- in water

44
Q

What does low volatility mean?

A

High boiling point

Chemistry :) (17 decks)

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