6.2 Amines & Amino Acids (completed)

Question 1

What is the amines general formula?

Answer 1

R-NH2

Question 2

What is a primary amine?

Answer 2

NH2 group bonded to one R group

Question 3

What is a secondary amine?

Answer 3

NH group bonded to two R groups

Question 4

What is a tertiary amine?

Answer 4

N bonded to three R groups

Question 5

Are amines soluble in water?

Answer 5

Yes, hydrogen bonds form between the Hydrogen in the amine group to the lone pair on the oxygen and from the lone pair on the nitrogen to the hydrogen in water

Question 6

How do you name amines?

Answer 6

N-methyl (means there is a methyl group on the nitrogen)

Butan-2-amine (position of nitrogen from second carbon)

Question 7

What is the pH of an amine

Answer 7

Basic,

The lone pair on the nitrogen makes them basic and a H+ acceptor

Question 8

What is the reaction of amines with acids?

Answer 8

They produce a salt in a neutralisation reaction but no water

C6H5NH3+Cl-

Question 9

How can amines be prepared?

Answer 9

From haloalkanes using ethanolic ammonia and nucleophilic substitution under reflux

Question 10

What is the reaction of haloalkanes with ammonia?

Answer 10

Reagent: aqueous alcoholic ammonia
Conditions: reflux
Product: amine (but also it’s salt due to then a reaction with the acid)
Nucleophile: Ammonia

Question 11

How would you produce a secondary amine?

Answer 11

Produce a primary amine by nucleophilic substitution with ammonia
Then react this again with another haloalkane

Question 12

How do you produce aromatic amines?

Answer 12

By reducing aromatic nitro compounds
Sn/HCl (conc) Reflux then NaOH
Also produces water

Question 13

How do you produce amines from nitriles?

Answer 13

Hydrogen and Nickel Catalyst

Question 14

What are amino acids?

Answer 14

Organic compounds with two functional group
Amino group NH2
Carboxyl group COOH

Question 15

What are a-amino acids?

Answer 15

Where the carboxylic acid and amine are attached to the same carbon

Question 16

What is special about amino acids?

Answer 16

They are amphoteric compounds (can donate and recieve H+)

Question 17

What is the amide group?

Answer 17

R-C-NH2
||
O

Question 18

How do you produce amides?

Answer 18

Acyl chloride + Ammonia/Amide

Question 19

What is a primary amide?

Answer 19

An amide where the amide group (-NH2) is directly bonded to only one carbon

Question 20

What is a secondary amide?

Answer 20

An amide where the amide group (-NH) is directly bonded to two carbons

Question 21

What is a tertiary amide?

Answer 21

An amide where the amide group (-N) is directly bonded to three carbons

Question 22

What is a condensation polymer?

Answer 22

A polymer formed by a condensation reaction where molecules join together losing a small molecule as a by product e.g. water