Synthetic routes Flashcards by Janze Shanmuganathan

Q

Alkene to alkane?

A

H2, nickel catalyst, 150C

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Q

Alkene to haloalkane?

A

Hydrogen halide, room temperature

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Q

Alkene to alcohol?

A

Steam, 300C, 60-70atm, H3PO4 catalyst

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Q

Alcohol to alkene?

A

conc H3PO4 catalyst, heat

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Q

Alkane to haloalkane?

A

UV, halogen

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Q

Haloalkane to alcohol?

A

H2O, NaOH, heat, reflux

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Q

Haloalkane to nitrile?

A

NaCN/KCN, reflux with ethanol

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Q

Haloalkane to amine?

A

Excess ethanolic ammonia, heat

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Q

Alcohol to haloalkane?

A

NaX, H2SO4

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Q

Alcohol to ester?

A

COOH, conc H2SO4

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Q

Alcohol to COOH?

A

K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4, reflux, heat

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Q

Alcohol to aldehyde?

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, distillation

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Q

Alcohol to ketone?

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, heat with reflux

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Q

Aldehyde to alcohol?

A

NaBH4, water

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Q

Aldehyde to COOH?

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, reflux

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Q

Aldehyde to hydroxynitrile?

A

(HCN) NaCN/KCN

Q

COOH to esters?

A

Alcohol, conc H2SO4

Q

COOH to acyl chloride?

A

SOCl2

Q

Acyl chloride to ester?

A

Alcohol

Q

Acyl chloride to COOH?

A

Cold water

Q

Acyl chloride to 1 Amine?

A

NH3

Q

Acyl chloride to 2 Amine?

A

Primary amine

Q

Nitrile to amine?

A

H2, Ni catalyst

Q

Nitrile to COOH?

A

Dilute HCl, water, heat reflux

Ketone to alcohol?

NaBH4, water

Ester to COOH?

Dilute acid, heat

Ester to carboxylate?

Dilute alkali, heat