Chapter 11- Basic concepts of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only.

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2
Q

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

Has single bonds only

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3
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group.

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4
Q

What is a functional group?

A

The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties.

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5
Q

What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?

A

When carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.

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6
Q

What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?

A

When carbon atoms are joined to each other in a ring structure, with or without branches.

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7
Q

What are aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

When some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.

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8
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Contains only single C-C bonds.

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9
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Contains at least one double C-C bond.

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10
Q

What are alkynes?

A

Contain at least one triple C-C bond.

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11
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

It shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

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12
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

It is the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound.

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13
Q

What is the general formula?

A

It is the simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series.

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14
Q

What is the displayed formula?

A

It shows the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds present between them.

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15
Q

What is the structural formula?

A

It uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.

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16
Q

What is the skeletal formula?

A

It is a simplified organic formula which removes all the carbon and hydrogen labels and any bonds to hydrogen atoms.

17
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

They are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

18
Q

Define homolytic fission

A

When a covalent bond breaks and each of the bonded atoms take one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond. (Forms radicals)

19
Q

Define heterolytic fission

A

When a covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms take both the electrons from the bond.