Synthesis Flashcards
How do you get from Alkene to Dihaloalkene?
X₂
20°C
electrophilic addition
How do you get from Alkene to Alkane?
H₂
Ni catalyst
150°C
addition
How do you get from Alkene to Haloalkane?
HX
20°C
addition
How do you get from Alkene to Alcohol?
H₂O(g) conc H₃PO₄ catalyst 300°C 60-70atm electrophilic addition
How do you get from Alkane to Haloalkane?
X₂
UV light
free radical substitution
How do you get from Alcohol to Alkene?
conc H₂SO₄
170°C
H.U.R
dehydration/elimination
How do you get from Alcohol to Haloalkane?
NaX
H₂SO₄
20°C
nucleophilic substitution
How do you get from Alcohol to Aldehyde/Ketone?
H+ K₂Cr₂O₇
H and D/H.U.R
oxidation
How do you get from Alcohol to Ester?
carboxylic acid or acyl chloride or acid anhydride
conc H₂SO₄
H.U.R
esterification
How do you get from Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid?
H+/K₂Cr₂O₇
H.U.R
oxidation
How do you get from Haloalkane to Amine?
excess ammonia
heat
ethanol
How do you get from Haloalkane to Nitrile?
NaCN or KCN
ethanol
H.U.R
H₂SO₄
How do you get from Carboxylic Acid to Ester?
alcohol
acid catalyst
heat
esterification
How do you get from Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride?
SOCl₂
How do you get from Carboxylic Acid to Alcohol?
NaBH₄
H₂O
reduction
How do you get from Ketone to Alcohol?
NaBH₄ (aq)
How do you get from Amine to Ammonium Chloride?
HCl
How do you get from Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid?
H+ K₂Cr₂O₇
H.U.R
How do you get from Carbonyl to Hydroxy Nitrile?
HCN
How do you get from Nitrile to Amine?
Ni
H₂
How do you get from Carboxylic Acid to Carboxylate Salt?
NaOH
How do you get from Acid Anhydride to Carboxylic Acid?
H₂O
How do you get from Polyamide to Ammonium Salts and Carboxylic Acid?
acidic condition
H.U.R
How do you get from Polyamide to Amines and Carboxylate Salts?
alkaline condition
H.U.R
How do you get from Polyester to Alcohols and Carboxylic Acid?
acidic condition
H.U.R
How do you get from Polyester to Alcohols and Carboxylate?
alkaline condition
H.U.R
How do you get from Acid Anhydride to Ester?
alcohol
How do you get from Acid Anhydride to Amide?
NH₃ amine
How do you get from Ester to Carboxylic Acid?
dilute HCl
NaOH
H.U.R
hydrolysis
How do you get from Aldehyde to Alcohol?
NaBH₄
reduction
How do you get from Ester to Alcohol?
dilute HCl
NaOH
H.U.R
hydrolysis
How do you get from Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid?
dilute HCl
H.U.R
How do you get from Acyl Chloride to Ester?
alcohol
20°C
esterification
How do you get from Acyl Chloride to Amide?
For primary amide NH₃ 20°C For secondary amide amine 20°C
How do you get from Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid?
cold H₂O
How do you get from Haloalkane to Alcohol?
warm NaOH KOH
H₂O
H.U.R
nucleophilic substitution
How do you get from Benzene to Nitrobenzene?
conc HNO₃
conc H₂SO₄
warm
How do you get from Benzene to Halobenzene?
X₂
AlCl₃ catalyst
warm
How do you get from Benzene to Phenyl Ketone?
Acyl chloride
AlCl₃ catalyst
H.U.R
How do you get from Benzene to Alkyl Benzene?
CH₃
AlCl₃ catalyst
H.U.R
How do you get from Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine?
Tin
conc HCl
H.U.R then NaOH
How do you get from Phenol to 2,4,6 Tribromophenol?
bromine water (Br₂) 20°C
How do you get from Phenol to 2,4 nitrophenol?
dilute HNO₃
20°C
How do you get from Phenol to Phenyl Ester?
acyl chloride
20°C
How do you get from Phenol to Sodium Phenoxide?
NaOH
20°C
How do you get from Phenol to 2,4,6 Trinitrophenol?
conc HNO₃
20°C