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Chemistry Module 6 > Amines/amides > Flashcards

Amines/amides Flashcards

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1
Q

What 2 things can amine be?

A

Bases (accept H+)

Nucleophile (can donate a lone pair)

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2
Q

What intermolecular forces within themselves do primary amines have?

A

Hydrogen

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3
Q

What intermolecular forces within themselves do secondary amines have?

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

What intermolecular forces within themselves do tertiary amines have?

A

PDPD

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5
Q

Which one out of primary, secondary and tertiary amines is the most soluble?

A

Tertiary

However, all form hydrogen bonds with water

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6
Q

What are the 3 options for naming primary amines?

A

N is on the end - ___yl amine
N is not on the end - ‘number’-amino ‘name of alkane’
2 Ns - ‘Number,number’-diamino ‘name of alkane’

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7
Q

What are the 2 options for naming secondary amines?

A

R groups are the same Di ‘name of alkyl’ amine

R groups are different N-‘name of short alkyl chain’ ‘name of long alkyl chain’ amine

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8
Q

What are the 4 options for naming tertiary amines?

A

All R groups are the same - Tri’name of alkyl’ amine
Longest R group is different - N,N - Di’name of short alkyl chains’ ‘name of longest alkyl chain’ amine
All R groups are different - (in alphabetical order) N-‘alkyl chain’-N-‘alkyl chain-N-‘alkyl chain’ amine
Short R group is different - N-‘short alkyl chain’ di ‘name of long alkyl chains’ amine

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9
Q

How do you name salts?

A

Name amine
Change amine to ammonium
Add the name of the negative ion

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10
Q

What charge does a Nitrogen have with 3 bonds?

A

Neutral

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11
Q

What charge does a Nitrogen have with 4 bonds?

A

+1

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12
Q

How can amines act as bases?

A

N has a lone pair of e- so can accept H+ and act as a base

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13
Q

What type of bond is between ammonium and the negative ion in ammonium salts?

A

Ionic bonds

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14
Q

Why do amines smell but salts don’t?

A

Amines are volatile while salts aren’t

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15
Q

How do you get rid of the smell from an amine?

A

Add an acid (makes a salt)

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16
Q

How do you get the smell back from a salt?

A

Add a base (it donates the H+ so acts as an acid)

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17
Q

What are the 2 types of amines you can make?

A

Aromatic amines

Aliphatic amines

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18
Q

What are aromatic amines?

A

N is directly bonded to a benzene ring

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19
Q

How do you make an aromatic amine?

A

Start with nitrobenzene, add Tin(Sn), Conc HCl and heat under reflex

20
Q

What is included in the equation when making aromatic amines?

A

Nitrobenzene+6[H+] goes to aromatic amine+2water

21
Q

What is an aliphatic amine?

A

N is not directly bonded to a benzene ring

22
Q

How do you make an aliphatic amine?

A

Start with haloalkane+excess NH3 in ethanol+heat

23
Q

What is made when a haloalkane and NH3 react?

A

A base and an acid

24
Q

What type of reaction is it when a haloalkane reacts with NH3?

A

Substitution

25
Q

What is the problem with reacting haloalkanes with NH3?

A

A salt can be formed

26
Q

How do you solve the problem with reacting haloalkanes with NH3?

A

Add a base (NaOH) (Salt loses H+ and acts as an acid)

27
Q

Why do we use the excess ammonia when making an amine?

A

Otherwise there would be further substitutions

28
Q

What mechanism does an amine do?

A

Nucleophilic substitution (donates a pair of electrons)

29
Q

What is the bond angle/shape around the N atom in an amine?

A

107 degrees

Pyramidal

30
Q

How do you name primary amides?

A

Name the chain on N + ‘amide’

eg propanamide

31
Q

How do you name secondary amides?

A

‘N’ - name chain ‘yl’ +
Name chain on N + ‘amide’
eg N - ethyl butanamide

32
Q

How do you name tertiary amides?

A

‘N’ - name chain ‘yl’ + ‘N’ name chain ‘yl. Put in alphabetical order
Name chain on N + ‘amide’
eg N-ethyl-N-methyl pentanamide

33
Q

What happens when an amine reacts with an acyl chloride?

A

Makes an amide

34
Q

What happens when an amine reacts with an acid anhydride?

A

Makes an amide

And carboxylic acid / ammonium salt (if excess NH3)

35
Q

What happens when an amine reacts with a carboxylic acid?

A

Doesn’t make an amide, but makes a salt

36
Q

What happens when you add water to an acid anhydride?

A

Makes 2 carboxylic acids (hydrolysis reaction)

37
Q

How do you make an acid anhydride?

A

Add 2 carboxylic acids together (condensation reaction)

38
Q

What are the only amides to form peptides?

A

Amino acids (have COOH and NH2)

39
Q

What type of reaction joins amino acids together?

A

Condensation

40
Q

What is the isoelectric point?

A

The pH that forms a zwitter ion

41
Q

What happens to a Zwitter ion if the solution becomes more acidic (lower pH)

A

O- gains a H+ to become COOH

42
Q

What is a Zwitter ion?

A

Amino acid where the COOH has donated a H+ to the NH2

Has a COO- side and a C(N+)H3 side

43
Q

What happens to a Zwitter ion if the solution becomes more alkaline (higher pH)

A

C(N+)H3 become CNH2

44
Q

What is the definition of an alpha amino acid?

A

Amine group and carboxylic acid group directly bonded to the same carbon atom

45
Q

What bonds do amino acids have between each other?

A

Ionic as become Zwitter ions

46
Q

Are amino acids/Zwitter ions soluble?

A

Yes, form ion-dipole attractions with water

Chemistry Module 6 (10 decks)

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