Syntax

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentence in a given language, usually including word order

Question 2

Grammar

Answer 2

is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and or words in a natural language

Question 3

Constituents

Answer 3

a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure

Question 4

Phrases

Answer 4

a group of words(or possibly a single word) that functions as a constituent in the syntax of a sentence

Question 5

Pronunciation

Answer 5

the way in which a word or a language is spoken

Question 6

Pro-form

Answer 6

a word substituting for other words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extra linguistic context

Question 7

Wh-pronoun

Answer 7

one of the function word used to begin a wh- question: what, who, whom, when, where, why, and how… in most varieties of English, the wh- words are used as relative pronouns

Question 8

Movement

Answer 8

the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities or displacement

Question 9

Coordination Test

Answer 9

a complex syntactic structure that links together two or more elements; these elements are called conjuncts or conjoins… it’s one of the many constituency tests in Linguistics

Question 10

Gapping (behavior)

Answer 10

a type of ellipsis that occurs in the non-initial conjunctions of coordinate structures. Gapping usually elides minimally a finite verb and further any non-finite verbs that are present

Question 11

Sentence Fragment Test

Answer 11

fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It does not contain even one independent clause

Question 12

Head (of phrase)

Answer 12

The head or the nucleus of a phrase is the word that determines the syntactic category if that phrase

Question 13

Noun Phrases

Answer 13

Also known as Nominal phrases, are a phrase that has a noun(or indefinitive pronoun) as its head performs the same grammatical function as a noun.

Question 14

Prepositional Phrases

Answer 14

it is adpostional phrase in which a preposition is the head. The preposition precedes its complement

Question 15

Verb Phrases

Answer 15

a it syntactic unit composed of at least one verb and its dependents–objects, complements, and other modifiers–but not always including the subject

Question 16

Adverb Phrases

Answer 16

a group of two or more words that function as an adverb in a sentence… typically answer the questions how, where and when something is done
Ex: I parked the car.

Question 17

Adjective Phrases

Answer 17

a group of words that functions as an adjective in a sentence. An adjective headword may be accompanied by modifiers, determiners, and or qualifiers (all of which are called independents)

Question 18

[Head] Projects

Answer 18

based on linguistic data and consists of an in depth description of the material or same aspects of material using standard English

Question 19

Projections

Answer 19

principle simply states that when noting the syntactic structure of a sentence such as “John runs fast.” we must specify at every level what lexical category each piece of the sentence belongs to

Question 20

Word Classes

Answer 20

a set of words that display the same formal properties, especially their inflections and distribution.

Question 21

Syntactic Categories

Answer 21

word classes, largely corresponding to traditional parts of speech, are syntactic categories.

Question 22

Parts of Speech

Answer 22

category of words that have similar grammatical properties

Common speech parts (9): noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction and innterjection

Question 23

Lexical Categories

Answer 23

classes of words , which differ in how other words can be constructed out of them.
-ing &-able

Question 24

Determines

Answer 24

a word or affix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers that expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun

Question 25

Subordinate Clauses

Answer 25

a group of words that has both a subject and a verb but (unlike an independent clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence

Question 26

Clause

Answer 26

A part of the sentence that contains a verb. A typical clause consists of a subject and a predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase, a verb with any objects and other modifiers

Question 27

Sentences

Answer 27

a textual unit consisting of one or more words that are grammatically linked

Question 28

Matrix Clauses

Answer 28

a clause that contains a subordinate clause. It determines the central situation of a sentence

Question 29

Main Clauses

Answer 29

a main clause as an independent clause, subordinate clause, is a group of words made up of a subject and a predicate that express a complete concept

Question 30

Predicate

Answer 30

a portion of the clause excluding the subject, that expresses something about a subject

Question 31

Subject-verb agreement

Answer 31

a verb must conform to the form of a noun (singular/plural)

Question 32

Transitive Verbs

Answer 32

a verb that takes a direct object.

Question 33

Direct Object

Answer 33

noun or noun phrase receiving an action of the verb.

Basic construction ex: Subject+verb+who or what

Question 34

Indirect Object

Answer 34

a noun phrase referring to someone or something that is affected by the action of a transitive verb but is not the primary object

Question 35

Adverbial (adjunct)

Answer 35

a word or a group of words that modifies or more closely defines the sentence or the verb

Question 36

Predicative Complements

Answer 36

completes the meaning of a sentence by giving information about a noun. they follow linking verbs like is, are, was etc.

Question 37

Complement

Answer 37

a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression. Are quite often arguments as well

Question 38

Distransitive

Answer 38

a verb which takes a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient

Question 39

Case Forms

Answer 39

regarding a manner of categorizing nouns, pronouns, adjectives, participles, and numerals according to their traditionally corresponding grammatical functions within a given phrase,clause, or sentence

Question 40

Intransitive Verbs

Answer 40

defined as a verb that does not take a direct object, that means that there’s no word in the sentence that tells who or what received the action of the verb