Syntax Flashcards
syntax
how sentences and other phrases can be constructed out of smaller phrases and words
linguistic expression
piece of language that has form, meaning, and syntactic properties
syntactic properties determine how
expression can combine with other expressions
principle of compositionality
meaning of sentence depends on meaning of expressions it contains and way they are syntactically combined
syntactic properties
word order and co-occurrence
word order
how expressions can be ordered with respect to one another
co-occurrence
is an expression occurs in a sentence, what other expressions must/can occur with it
if expression X in a sentence necessitates that expression Y must be in the same sentence, then
Y is an argument of X
complements
non-subject arguments
adjuncts
expressions whose occurrence is optional and not as restricted
agreement
expressions in a sentence may be required to have same value for a grammatical feature
syntactic constituent
smaller expressions out of which the phrase was constructed
cleft
constituency test in which a constituent is displaced to the left
